Globalization Chinese Culture Essay Example

Globalization: Chinese Culture Essay Some people argue that globalization has made some cultures perish. Do you think globalization will have the same effect on Chinese culture? Does globalization have a positive or negative effect on Chinese culture? Why? Generally speaking, what are the advantages and disadvantages of globalization? |The development of globalization has changed the whole world in every aspect. Not only does it | | |effect the economy and politics, but the culture of different countries. During the process, | , , |oriental culture has radiated new vitality and displayed extremely bright prospect. After the |, , | |long cultural division and reunion, Oriental cultural re-found its position. The prospective | , | |Oriental culture will give full play to its merit that emphasizes the spiritual culture, and |, , | |will continuously enrich and improve itself and thus finally to achieve its position in future | | |world culture. | | |Some experts say that globalization has brought about a multi-cultural world, and because of the|, , | |superiority of the Occident race, the dominant culture may be led by western countries and gives| , , | |a huge attack to other cultures. At that time, the human beings will enter a period of | , | |stagnation . Then the globalization may not eliminate the conflicts between nations and |, , | |nationalities. In some cases, it may intensify the condition. So protecting oriental culture is | , , , | |very urgent. And as the representative of oriental culture, we are lucky that some of Chinas | | |ancient culture, especially the thoughts are well remained, and now swings the world with | , , , | |Confucianism which can make the whole world more harmonious. | 17? 18 , | |In the past, Greece had Socrates and Plato while China had Confucius and Laozi. We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization: Chinese Culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization: Chinese Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Globalization: Chinese Culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Their thoughts | , | |have become the main spiritual treasure in the history of human beings. In the 17th and 18th | , , | |century, western countries had absorbed the Indian and Chinese culture, at the same time, | , , | |Chinese culture had developed and up-dated rapidly with the effect of the foreign culture. For | :â€Å" , | |example, we all know that the main philosophy in the East is the Confucianism. Confuciuss | † , |theory considers the characters cultivate and calls for people to show their humanness. | , , | |Confuciuss remarks are well-known in the world. He said therefore you unbar on the journey on | , , | |revenge, dig two graves. These remarks make a point of warning people that everyone should know| , ,? â€Å" , | |how to build up a good relationship with others. Moreover, based on the careful observation, the|, , † , | |experts of China come into a conclusion that there are three types of Confucianism. The first |? , ,.. | |one is exclusive reverence of Confucianism, then is the complementation of Confucianism and | | |Taoism, such as the idea of in obscurity, scholars would maintain their own integrity; in times| , | |of success, they would make the whole empire perfect . The third one is to combine | , | |Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism into one. Most of them have widely accepted and learned by | | |different nations.. | , , | | | , , | |Another important philosophy is Taoism . It reflects the peoples way of life that embodies their| , , , ,| |yearning to be in harmony with nature and try to get the inner peace gradually. The theory of | , | |Taoism can adjust the relationship between nature and human. On the other hand, it offers a good| , |method to release the contradiction between human and environment, even among different ethnic | , | |groups. That is why Chinese culture still takes a great place in the world. There is no need | , , | |denying that Confucius belongs to China, and also belongs to the world. In the eastern world, | , , ,| |there are some other cultures, such as Hinduism, which is the oldest surviving religion, which | | |contributed the concept of Dharma and served as the origin of the Dharma religions, and Islam | | |the majority of the world Muslim population have always lived in Asia, due to the influence | ,? | |of the Islamic civilization. The world is notably characterized by diversity because of their | | |existence. | , , | |Actually, China and the east world have lost and gained many things from globalization. When | , | |lots of people consider the globalization as Americanization, China is influenced by the | | |tendency. When we walk in the street, we can find KFC or McDonald. They caused a notable impact | | |on the conventional food industries . Most people appreciate the products which are made by | , | |Korea, Japan, or USA. The result is the domestic capital has out flown into other countries . Not| ,| |only do the western products influent our life, but also their values. This is an obvious | , , | |difference. Individualism and Collectivism are central to all the cultural values. China belongs| , | |to the collectivist culture while the United States belongs to the individualist culture. But | , | |what we have to consider is not try to eliminate these distinctions, but to find a way to | | |combine them. And there is a typical example to prove my view. | | | | , â€Å" | |China has nearly several thousand years history in architecture and wood construction is the | † , , |main form in building. But nowadays, timberwork builds bright still humanness to see. Why? | , , , (? | |Because this ancient architecture culture has be greatly replaces by steel structure which | ) | |derived from western culture. We can not deny that the Reinforced Concrete Brick Structure | , | |offer much convenience to our life, but when we learn from the more advanced culture, should we | | |pursue it at the expense of our own precious traditional culture? | | | , , , | |But the western architectural style which is brought by globalization really have a good effect | , | |on o ur traditional architectural style. I have read a passage which analyzes how does an | , , | |architect build adjacent to a world heritage site. Too often, the answer lies in overstatement,| | |though not for I. M. Pei. Modesty of scale and materials, born of sparseness, prescribed limit, | | |and simplicity, mark the Suzhou Museum. The person (Ieoh Ming Pei) I mentioned above is a famous| | |American Chinese architect. As the last master of modernism architectural style, he designed the| | |Suzhou Museum which connects the western and eastern style very well. You can feel the harmony | | |in his building art. | | | | |So, Chinese culture, even Oriented Culture just belongs to one of the Multicultural, and we | | |should give it a proper status. We have to exclude the old and wrong part, and absorb the | | |advanced factors, then our culture can adapt to the globalization better and better. | | | | | | | |Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization |Some Disadvantages | |Some Advantages | | |Increased free trade between nations |Increased flow of skilled and non-skilled jobs from | |Increased liquidity of capital allowing investors in developed nations to invest in developing |developed to develop ing nations as corporations seek out the| |nations |cheapest labor | |Corporations have greater flexibility to operate across borders |Increased likelihood of economic disruptions in one nation | | Global mass media ties the world together |effecting all nations | |Increased flow of communications allows vital information to be shared between individuals and |Corporate influence of nation-states far exceeds that of | |corporations around the world |civil society organizations and average individuals | |Greater ease and speed of transportation for goods and people |Threat that control of world media by a handful of | |Reduction of cultural barriers increases the global village effect |corporations will limit cultural expression | |Spread of democratic ideals to developed nations |Greater chance of reactions for globalization being violent | |Greater nterdependence of nation-states |in an attempt to preserve cultural heritage | | Reduction of likelihood of war between developed nations |Greater risk of diseases being transported unintentionally | |Increases in environmental protection in developed nations |between nations | | |Spread of a materialistic lifestyle and attitude that sees | | |consumption as the path to prosperity | | |International bodies like the World Trade Organization | | |infringe on national and individual sovereignty | | |Increase in the chances of civil war within developing | | |countries and open war between developing countries as they | | |vie for resources | | |Decreases in environmental integrity as polluting | | |corporations take advantage of weak regulatory rules in | | |developing countries | | | | Do you think the benefits brought about by economical globalization are equally distributed among countries? While the world as a whole has benefited from globalization, there are negative and marginalizing aspects of globalization. These are what have led to a backlash, as reflected to a certain extent in the demonstrations by civil society accompanying recent international conferences, and by increasing expressions of dissatisfaction at the governmental level. 1. Unbalanced Distribution of Benefits: Between Countries. The first negative aspect of globalization is that its gains are not equally distributed, both between and within countries. Examples of the badly skewed distribution among countries of the benefits of globalization can be gleaned from the following data from the period1980 to 1997: While world per capita income increased, per capita income contracted in fifty nine countries, widening income disparities. Exports of goods and services grew at less than 5% annually in 46 countries, and at less than 1% a year in 9 countries. Within Countries. The benefits of globalization are also badly skewed within countries, both developing and developed. Income inequality is rising in many countries, particularly in the OECD countries. Worse, job and income insecurity is increasing, particularly for unskilled labor, although corporate restructuring has also meant job insecurity for professionals. Within developing countries, the increased world agricultural prices expected to result from the Uruguay Round should benefit those in agriculture. The urban poor will suffer when food prices rise, but will gain from employment in new export industries. Young women hired by multinationals are likely to benefit most – their incomes increase, with a concomitant increase in their household status. Consumers also gain from the reduction in local prices due to increased competition from abroad.

The 7 Base Units of the Metric System

The 7 Base Units of the Metric System The metric system is a framework of units of measurement that has grown from its 1874 birth in a diplomatic treaty to the more modern General Conference on Weights and Measures, or CGPM (Conferà ©rence Gà ©nà ©rale des Poids et Measures). The modern system is properly called the International System of Units, or SI, an abbreviation from the French Le Systà ¨me International dUnità ©s. Today, most people use the names metric and SI interchangeably. The 7 Base Metric Units The metric system is the main system of measurement units used in science. Each unit is considered to be dimensionally independent of the others. These dimensions are measurements of length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, amount of a substance, and luminous intensity. Here are definitions of the seven base units: Length: Meter (m) The meter is the metric unit of length. Its defined as the length of the path light travels in a vacuum during 1/299,792,458 of a second.Mass: Kilogram (kg) The kilogram is the metric unit of mass. Its the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram: a standard platinum/iridium 1 kg mass housed near Paris at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM).Time: Second (s) The basic unit of time is the second. The second is defined as the duration of 9,192,631,770 oscillations of radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of cesium-133.Electric current: Ampere (A) The basic unit of electric current is the ampere. The ampere is defined as the constant current that, if maintained in two infinitely long straight parallel conductors with a negligible circular cross-section and placed 1 m apart in a vacuum, would produce a force between the conductors equal to 2 x 10-7 newtons per meter of length.Temperature: Kelvin (K) The Kelvin is the unit of thermodynamic temperature. It is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. The Kelvin scale is an absolute scale, so there is no degree.​ Amount of a Substance: Mole (mol) The mole is defined as the amount of a substance that contains as many entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon-12. When the mole unit is used, the entities must be specified. For example, the entities may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, cows, houses, or anything else.Luminous Intensity: candela (cd) The unit of luminous intensity, or light, is the candela. The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source emitting monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz with radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. These definitions are actually methods to realize the unit. Each realization was created with a unique, sound theoretical base to generate reproducible and accurate results. Other Important Metric Units In addition to the seven base units, other metric units are commonly used: Liter (L) While the metric unit of volume is the cubic meter, m3, the most commonly used unit is the liter. A liter is equal in volume to one cubic decimeter, dm 3, which is a cube that is 0.1 m on each side.Angstrom (Ã…) One angstrom equals 10-8 cm or 10-10 m. Named for Anders Jonas Ã…ngstrom, the unit is used to measure the chemical bond length and electromagnetic radiation wavelength.Cubic centimeter (cm3) A cubic centimeter is a common unit  used to measure solid volume. The corresponding unit for liquid volume is the milliliter (mL), which is equal to one cubic centimeter.

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final Exam - Assignment Example esses in a way but there should be clear, well-defined, and realistic goals, even if those goals are limited to one aspect of life or restricted to one region of the world. The fact is that these movements are able to fulfill their goals (Schulze, 2002). Promote and establish various training programs to educate women and men, Muslim and non-Muslim, on the principles of gender equality and social, economic, and political justice in Islam. The majority of Muslim women are marginalized from the legal and power structures. Thus there are needs and concerns of women arising from their daily struggles to be addressed in local laws and customs. Customs have to be changed in ways that increase women’s life options, the goal of the process by strengthening of the religious and ethnic or national community. Moreover, questions of sexual morality, marriage and family life, divorce, custody, inheritance has to be addressed (Wagner, 2007). There is a change in Attitudes toward Democracy. There are many countries encompassed by Muslim around the globe. Research has shown that Muslim religious and politics are mostly influence by their ideologies, political and legal orientations which is also true to other religions. Muslim preferred forms of government, attitudes toward human rights, community agendas and relations to terrorism have been viewed as tendency for violence. Muslim societies should try to alter this perception and find ways of falling within democratic values spectrum and reject violence by those that oppose democracy. This strategy can help policymakers identify potential partners in the Muslim world who may cooperate in promoting democracy, stability and countering the influence of extremist and violent groups (Schulze, 2002). Muslim societies should discourage radical activities in their corresponding areas. This is because in some nations there are several developments that have been made over time in attempting to intensify Islamic radicalism. For example

Claire's Stores Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Claire's Stores - Essay Example in 1973. Previously, it known as FT Industries after the acquisition of Fashion Tress, Inc. in 1961, and the new name was conceived in 1983, two years before getting enlisted with the New York Stock Exchange. The latest one, however, had been the biggest of all deals and eventually the most popular one with 60 stores scattered in different parts of Chicago. 1994 saw the industry moving out of homeland when it entered into a joint venture with Japan’s Jusco Co., Ltd., which resulted to the opening of the first branch of Claire’s Stores in Tokyo. Eventually, it spread out to 172 other locations by 2006.Though the company had been continuing with its overseas acquisitions since 1993, the next biggest one had been that in 1995 when it purchased Bow Bangles Holding Ltd., a Birmingham based chain of stores. It was followed by the acquisition of Bijoux One, a 53-chain store scattered across Switzerland, Austria and Germany in 1998, and Cleopatre Stores in France with chain of 42 stores. Schaeffer had strategized his moves so as to acquire almost all rival firms of the company. Although it had started out as a fashion accessories group of stores meant for young teenagers, it soon moved into the domain of selling accessories for older teenagers and young women post the acquisition of Afterthoughts in 1999; Afterthoughts had been a giant chain of 768 stores. However, the company had not always divulged into expansive strategies. The acquisition of a unisex garments chain for teenagers in 2002 as well as that of a trendy gift stores chain in 1998 both had proved disastrous for the company compelling Schaefer to eventually sell them away. Operational Information The features that Claire’s Stores Inc. is endowed with are common to almost every successful chain of shops. It had strategically planned its locations so as to stay in areas frequented most by its target customers, consisting of teenagers and young women. In order to keep its costs of operatio n low, the company has arranged distributors and suppliers in the nearest possible locations to their stores. Such a step not only helps to reduce the cost of operation but also arranges distributions within a short span of time. In addition, the company had been exploiting its negotiating powers with vendors to keep the profit margins high and also to compensate for the low footfall during seasonal fluctuations. This is one of the reasons which made the company popular and a common name among young teenagers. Eventually this very fact emerged as the company’s intrinsic strength. Moreover, the company had standardized its strategies in alignment to the upcoming fashion trends in the industry. Management had been one of the most important of all elements under the jurisdiction of the company in compliance to its policy of tracing its strategies in line with upcoming fashion trends. In terms of money management, Claire’s could rather be rated quite highly given that it h ad maintained insignificant levels of debts historically and in 2006 had no debt records as such. Analysis and Evaluation Growth rate in sales The number of stores under Claire’s Inc has increased significantly during the period 1992 to 2006. In the year 1992 the number of stores was 995 and this increased to 3050 in the year 2006. This implies a rise of more than three times. This has been achieved by the company through a rapid acquisition drive pursued by

Patients and Clients in Home Care Essay Example for Free

Patients and Clients in Home Care Essay It is said that â€Å"there’s no better place than home†. This is the comfort that home care provides its patients. It permits the assistance of people that have special needs in the comfort of their homes and with the companionship of their families. Medical services and health assistance can now be obtained without going away from the confines of your home. It is now possible that health service providers will be the ones to go to the patient’s home so that the patient will not have to be confined in a hospital or a nursing institution. Home care is an alternative method to sustain the growing demand for medical health services. Due to the observed surge in the number of people with special needs, unconventional venues for taking care of this people aside from hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and nursing homes were considered. The establishment of home care services answers the demand of different venues for health services. Home care is the offering of medical services by formal providers such as doctors, registered nurses, and physical therapist or by informal providers such as caregivers in the patient’s homes. It aims to promote, reinstate, and sustain the comfort, function, and health of a patient to its maximum limit. Taking care of patients during the last days of their life is also part of the objective. Classifications of home health care includes: preventive, promotive, therapeutic, long-term maintenance, rehabilitative and palliative care(DOH). People that need home care are geriatric individuals, chronically ill patients, persons with disabilities, and patients that are recovering from surgeries. Seventy percent of the clients that availed home health care services are geriatric people of age 65 and above. Disease diagnoses that are most rampant in these home care patients are: Heart disease, diabetes, cerebral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), malignant neoplasm, fractures, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis and allied disorders, and hypertension(NCHS). Care from registered nurses, physical therapists, and social workers; access to medical equipments; check up by doctors; help with running errands; medication delivery; and meal preparation are some of the services that are offered by home health care providers. Types of home care vary with different kind of providers. Skilled care type is offered by licensed medical practitioners like doctors, registered nurses, medical social workers and physical therapist. This type of home care service focuses on the reinstating and maintaining the health of a client. It includes disease diagnoses, disease treatments, wound care, injection and intravenous therapy, medical assessments, nutritional management, and counseling. The other type of service is the home support services that are offered by caregivers or health care aides which are more inclined to domestic tasks like personal hygiene or bathing assistance; running errands; grocery shopping; cooking and eating assistance; light house keeping; and medication reminders(MFMER ). Clients of home care services expect the providers of these services to meet their specific needs. The most common client specifications are good quality care; availability of service; health service provider with appropriate training and expertise; high quality, effective care; and affordable service. Home care providers are expected by clients to give them respect, inflict no harm to them, and treat them well(Nina Preto). They also expect to have their rights as a patient considered, respected and instituted. The law currently implements the home care patients right to: choose their care providers; be informed fully by the health service agency provider of his/her rights and responsibilities as a patient; obtain the needed professional care following the doctor’s orders; receive continuous care; be asked consent prior to any treatment regimen or procedure; advised for any plan changes prior the change; avail service that is safe and in accordance to the professional care needed; be informed of actions in the event of emergency; and to voice opinions regarding the treatment or procedure(Hospice). Different individual conditions require varied specific needs so the provider should be competent enough to be able to address these circumstances. The geriatric or elderly persons for example have various conditions that have complex needs. Usually diseases of the old individuals are multi-factorial; the change of their condition is unpredictable; and outcome of treatment or management is random. So it is best if the home care providers of the elderly with diseases to be registered nurses or doctors for prompt treatment and disease management. Though in other instances home care is employed by geriatric patients that are healthy but in need of assistance in performing their daily tasks from as simple as opening doors for them to household chores. Another example of patients with different needs is the patients with cancer. These individuals are more at ease in the confines of their homes and families. They do not want to be separated from there families because usually these patients gain there strengths from them. The emotional and moral support the families give are vital for a cancer patient. Home care allows these patients to have all the support they can get from there families. As cancer is a devastating disease the home care provider should be able to give support to the patient, address his/her medical needs, and educate the family about the situation of the patient. Diabetes patients on the other hand, need home care providers to always encourage them to control the blood glucose levels because complication development can better be prevented with serious control on glycemia. These patients also need home care providers that are inclined in nutrition for diabetes patients to obtain the needed nutrients without sacrificing their blood glucose levels. Along with the boost of home care industry are problems or issues that need to be resolved. Some of these problems that affect both the home care consumer and the provider are the following: worker related injuries; worker abuse and exploitation by the client; competency of the health care provider; abuse of the client; client prejudice toward the caregiver; worker benefits issue; confidentiality issues in the clients home; and clients being at risk of theft and other forms of crimes. Confidentiality issue in client-caregiver relationship is one of the prime problems of home care services. Prone to this problem are the caregivers or health care aides that have little backgrounds or training in professional ethics and usually provide service to their clients twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Most of them also stay in the houses of their clients so it is common that they know the things that happen inside the house especially among family members. The dilemma is in situations that either the caregiver spill the information he/she knows or if the information is critical to the well-being of the client and the caregiver will not know whether to keep it confidential or not. An example situation is when a client is being battered by a member of his or her family, what will the caregiver do? Is he/she supposed to tell anyone like the authorities or is he/she will just keep silent and wait that other people will discover the situation? If the caregiver gives the information to authorities it might be an invasion of the client’s privacy. Moral risks, virtues, intimacy, and professional ethics are bound with confidentiality issue in home care. Home care service providers should be made sure to have proper training in professional conduct and ethics to avoid any problems that will interfere with the client and their family relationship. Problems such as this needs attention of legislators for the home care consumers to be secured that the service provider they employ are properly trained and knows his place as a home care worker in a family setting. Client prevention of problems related to the home care service provider begins with choosing a competent agency that ensures the capabilities of their workers. Clients should not just consider the monetary factor involve in employing a home care worker to prevent the hiring of low paid providers and yet incompetent in many aspects of health service provision. Health care organizations have to address these problems and anticipate other issues that will emerge for the improvement of the home care service, benefit of the client, and avoidance of dilemma in the part of the caregiver. Government agencies concerned need to make rigorous effort towards the establishment and implantation of rules that would not just protect the home care consumers but the home care service workers as well. In every development there is always the emergence of problems and this is just what happened in home care. The burst of this industry is high-speed that problems are realized only when it was already encountered. The shift from institutionalized health care to home care brought about problems that touch aspects like professional ethics, unavailability of equipments in the patient’s home, monetary factors, client-worker relationship, and home care provider-patient’s family relationship. Despite of this, home care still provides an alternative venue for the patients or clients to have their needs being taken care of. The problems will just have to be addressed for the improvement of the industry. Home care is a promising revolution of institutionalized care wherein patients of institutionalized care are deprived of their right to spend their lives in the comfort of their home and with the presence of their loved ones. Reference http://www.mayoclinic.com/print/home-care-services/HA00086/METHOD=print

A Look At Burnout Psychology Essay

A Look At Burnout Psychology Essay CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and burnout among nurses working in private hospitals in Malaysia. Theoretical literature related to this relationship will be presented in the first part of this chapter. The existing literature on the topics was examined and key pieces were brought together to establish a foundation for this study. The next part of the review explores the literature which has supported the proposed relationship between EI and burnout among the nurses in Malaysia. 2.2 Burnout The term burnout has its roots in the medical and nursing disciplines. It was first defined by a psychiatrist, named Herbert Freudenberger in 1974. The theory of burnout was developed through his clinical experience by exploring the turmoil that people experience every day. According to Maslach and Jackson (1981a), burnout occurs in the helping professions, such as nursing due to the chronic stress associated with doing work that involves people. Basically burnout occurs as feelings of emotional exhaustion, negative feelings, and attitudes within the job and the increase of negative self-concept. The earliest use of the burnout term in nursing literature was found in the articles published by Seymour Shubin in 1978. Shubin described burnout as hazardous to nursing and all other helping professions. The study of burnout, although not exclusive to nursing, continues to be an important occupational issue for the nursing profession. 2.2.1 Definition of Burnout There are many definitions of burnout, however most definitions share a view of burnout as a state of fatigue and emotional exhaustion, as a result of emotional depletion and loss of motivation. The term burnout that was first coined by Freudenberger in 1974 refers to wearing out from the pressures of work. It was used to describe the experience of employees in professions that needs high degree of people contract. Freudenberger in 1975 further defined burnout as wearing out, failing, becoming exhausted, and it occurs when excessive demands on energy, strength or resources are made. Cherniss (1980) was among the first to describe burnout within human service field who defined burnout as a process that leads to an individuals attitudes and behavior change in negative ways in response to work stress. On the other hand, Maslach (1982) who has extensively researched about burnout has provided the most commonly accepted definition of burnout as a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who do people work of some kind. Maslach identified three related themes: (1) painful emotional experiences often resulted in clinical practitioners feeling emotionally exhausted and drained; (2) as a result, they developed negative and cynical attitudes towards their clients; and (3) personal competence suffered resulting in feelings of failure about their ability to work in the health care profession. These three themes were summarized as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal acc omplishment and later operationalized to measure burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach, Jackson Leiter, 1996). Garrosa, Moreno-Jimenez, Liang and Gonzalez (2008) pointed out that burnout is a specific form of chronic and occupational stress in the professional social services. According to Westman and Eden (1996), studies have shown a strong relationship between work stress and burnout in many occupations. Especially, burnout has been repeatedly linked to job stress in the human service field due to the frequent and intense interactions with clients (Cordes Doughery, 1993; Lee Ashforth, 1996). Additionally, studies have also shown that nurses who experience occupational stress experience greater burnout (Stechmiller Yarandi, 1993). Thus, burnout is related to stress whereby burnout is a reaction to stress. Prolonged and unrelieved work stress often leads to burnout which results in negative attitudes towards work. Freudenberger (1975) postulates that burnout involves physical and behavioral symptoms. Behavioral consequences of burnout include decreased interaction with care recipients, ine ffective absenteeism, and high levels of job turnover (Maslach, 1982; Maslach Leiter, 1997). 2.2.2 Models of Burnout The burnout literature provides several models of burnout. This section describes four models constructed in the early eighties which proceed from the simplest to the most complex model. 2.2.2.1 Cherniss transaction model of burnout Cherniss (1980) was a significant figure of the first wave of burnout researchers and offered a burnout model that articulate transactional imbalance between the personal resources of the giver and the demands of the recipient or situation. Cherniss described burnout as a transactional stress process that involves three stages. The first stage is stress whereby demands placed exceed individual resources for coping. The second stage is strain, the initial emotional response to stress which usually includes feelings of anxiety, tension, fatigue, and exhaustion. Finally, defensive coping occurs which leads to changes in attitudes and behavior such as the tendency of burnout individuals to treat clients in depersonalized way. Two years later, Cherniss modified his model and elaborated on the model that the causes of stress can either be internal or external demands. Additionally, the limited resources contributing to stress can also be external (e.g. availability of time, work space, and equipment) or internal (e.g. skills, knowledge, energy, and personality). In summary, Cherniss theorized that burnout is a coping response in a transactional process that begins with excessive and prolonged exposure to job stress. The uncontrollable stress causes strain in the individual which influences the coping process. If the stress is prolonged or becomes more intense, it will deplete the coping resources of an individual and force the individual to withdraw psychologically. 2.2.2.2 Edelwich and Brodsky: Five stages of burnout Edelwich and Brodsky (1980) suggested five stages of burnout: (1) enthusiasm; (2) stagnation; (3) frustration; (4) apathy; and (5) intervention. At the first stage, employees have great enthusiasm for their new jobs. They do not know much about their job and have unrealistic expectations about outcomes of their effort. Therefore, when the outcome is not as expected, they become disillusioned. During the period of stagnation at stage two, realities of the job become evident. The job is no longer satisfying as it first appeared. Employees are now more concerned with meeting personal needs, working hours, and career development. The third stage is called the period of frustration. Employees begin to question their job effectiveness and the value of their job. The limits imposed by bureaucracy frustrate the individuals and they become dissatisfied with the job situation. At this stage, employees begin to develop emotional, physical, and behavioral problems. Proceed to stage four; employees frustration turns to apathy because individuals feel trapped. On one hand, they feel frustrated by the job situation but on the other hand, they need the salary. The emotional and physical responses of individuals become worse whereby they would avoid clients whenever possible. The final stage is intervention. Nevertheless, it cannot be determined whether this stage would occur in an organization or the individual who is experiencing burnout would recognize their psychological state as undesirable. In summary, Edelwich and Brodsky viewed burnout as an evolutionary process that begins with idealistic enthusiasm and commitment. Subsequently, the loss of idealism, vigor, and purpose is triggered largely by work conditions (Edelwich Brodsky, 1980). 2.2.2.3 Maslach: Burnout caused by social interaction Maslach, a social psychologist, who became a stellar figure in the emerging research of burnout, has provided the conceptual definition that begun the second wave of research. Maslach (1982) described burnout as a three-dimensional syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. Another specific contribution Maslach made was the theoretical emphasis on the relational causes of burnout which linked to the social roots of emotional expenditure (Leiter Maslach, 1988; Maslach Leiter, 1997). Maslach (1982) saw that emotional overload and subsequent emotional exhaustion is the heart of the burnout syndrome. Thus, the first response to a stressful interaction with other people is emotional exhaustion. As people become emotionally depleted, they cope by cutting back on their involvement with others. This detached response which called depersonalization is the second aspect of burnout and leads to various negative attitudes and behaviors. At this stage, individuals who experience burnout feel more emotional distress and guilt about how they have treated those that they are trying to help. Finally, the feeling of reduced personal accomplishment which is the third aspect of burnout appears. At this point, the individuals feel inadequate about their ability to treat or help others. They tend to believe that they have failed professionally and chosen the wrong profession. A major contribution by Maslach was the development of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Maslach and Jackson (1981a, 1981b) developed the MBI, which was one of the first reliable instruments for valid measurement of burnout. MBI is still the most widely-used measure of burnout in current research. MBI assesses psychological burnout and has three different versions, which include one general survey, one for human service professionals, and one for educators. The most commonly used measure of burnout is the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey or MBI-HSS (Maslach, Jackson Leiter, 1996) which was developed to measure occupational burnout among people working in the field of human services. 2.2.2.4 Golembiewski, Munzenrider and Carter: Rigorous scientific research While other models focused on the order in which burnout aspects occur and the helping professions, Golembiewski, Munzenrider and Carter (1983) were concerned to make the study of burnout more rigorous and to broaden the population in which burnout was examined. Golembiewski et al. noticed that research was lacking in terms of empirical investigation of the stages of burnout. To rectify both the lack of empiricism and extend the study of burnout to wider work settings, the authors used Maslach and Jacksons MBI (1981a, 1981b) to measure burnout among nursery school teachers and nurse educators. Golembiewski et al.s results in 1983 suggested that depersonalization occurs first and increases greatly before reduction in personal accomplishment occurs and finally emotional exhaustion follows. Their argument was based on the fact that when people sense a loss of control and autonomy, their self-image is threatened. Initially, individuals may seek constructive ways out of the situation such as leaving the job. However, if the situation persists, they may begin to treat others as objects resulting in depersonalization. This will lead to diminished personal accomplishment and ultimately worsening emotional exhaustion. Based on Golembiewski et al.s findings and discussion of the burnout model in 1983, it can be classified that their model is similar to the earliest version of burnout model proposed by Cherniss (1980). Additionally, based on their model, Golembiewski et al. used a modified version of MBI and administered the instrument to a small population. The results allowed them to propose a model of burnout with eight stages. However, their model did not clarify or simplify the understanding of burnout. They moved to more rigorous methods of data collection and analysis using MBI as measurement instrument and expanded the population of employees to which results can be generalized. 2.2.3 Burnout and Nursing Employees in general experience burnout on the job, especially those in jobs with high contact with people. Nevertheless, nurses are considered at high risk of work-related stress and particularly susceptible to burnout among the different healthcare providers (Keane, Ducette Alder, 1985; Kilpatrick, 1989; Schaefer Moos, 1993; Schaufeli Janczur, 1994; Duquette, Kerouac Sandhu Beaudet, 1994; Farrington, 1995; Decker, 1997; Marsh, Beard Adams, 1999; Koivula, Paunonen Laippala, 2000; Taormina Law, 2000; Shimizu, Mizoue, Kubota, Mishima Nagata, 2003; Jenkins Elliott, 2004; Piko, 2006). This is also proven by the fact that burnout in nursing has received world-wide attention (Demerouti, Bakker, Nechreiner Schaufeli, 2000). Several studies have identified nurse burnout rates are as high as 40-50% (Hapell, Martin Pinikahana, 2003; Vahey, Aiken, Sloane, Clarke Vargas, 2004). Nurses are particularly susceptible to the development of burnout, mainly because of the nature and the em otional demands of their profession. Nurses experience considerable stress in their job because they have long working hours, a wide range of tasks, interpersonal conflict with patients and their families, doctors, and other co-workers, exposure to death and dying, and noise pollution (Schmitz, Neuman Opperman, 2000; Maslach, Schaufeli Leiter, 2001; Shimizu et al., 2003). Studies have also confirmed that stressful circumstances for hospital nurses are escalating and including work load (Foxall, Zimmerman, Standley Bene, 1990; Healey McKay, 2000; Koivula et al., 2000). Basically, nurses are subjected to many demands in the workplace which include physical demands and the psychological/emotional demands. The physical demands are related to the physical energy required to perform the daily duties of nursing such as transferring patients in and out of bed and lifting patients onto a bed. On the other hand, psychological/emotional demands are related to the emotional energy required to care for patients with chronic illn ess (Van Servellen Leake, 1993). Therefore, nurses who feel overloaded perceive a lack of meaningful connection with the patients. 2.3 Emotional Intelligence (EI) Emotional intelligence (EI) is complementary to cognitive abilities (IQ) (Devrim, Nadi, Mahmut, Mustafa Mustafa Kemal, 2005). Goleman (1995) stated that EI is significant to success. Goleman further explains the difference between people with high IQs who experience difficulties in their personal and professional lives and people with moderate IQs who are very successful in all their endeavours. Emotions are separated from that of the rational mind having independent views and a mind of their own (Freshwater Stickley, 2004). Therefore, one has two minds, a rational mind that thinks and an emotional mind that feels. In conclusion, both the rational mind and emotional mind, store memories and influence our responses, actions, and choices. Furthermore, EI such as academic intelligence can be learned and developed with age (Mayer, Caruso Salovey, 2000). Research has shown that people with high EI understand their own and others feelings, know how to manage themselves, deal successfully with others, and respond effectively to work demands (Dulewicz Higgs, 2003; Goleman, 2005). Cooper (1997) stated that people with high levels of EI experience more career success, build stronger personal relationships, lead more effectively, and enjoy better health than those with low EI. Hence, developing EI competencies in existing employees or finding individuals who posses these skills will enhance the organizations bottom line (Goleman, 1998a, 1998b) and ensure long-term success for the company. 2.3.1 Background and Definition of Emotional Intelligence (EI) The idea of EI has its roots in the social intelligences. EI was first proposed by Thorndike in 1921, who noted that it was of value in human interactions and relationships. Gardners (1983) multiple intelligence theory later also contributed to the theory of EI through the identification of intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences. Interpersonal intelligence comprised of the ability to understand others and to co-operate with them, whereas intrapersonal intelligence comprised of the ability to be self-aware, to recognize ones own feelings, and to use this to operate successfully in life. However, the term EI was not brought into mainstream psychology until 1990s (Mayer, DiPaolo Salovey, 1990; Salovey Mayer, 1990). Hence, EI is a new construct since the first peer-reviewed article that was published in 1990 (Salovey Mayer, 1990). The concept is also described as a new theory which is still in the initial stage of development and testing (Ashkanasy, Hartel Daus, 2002; Cherniss , Extein, Goleman Weissberg, 2006). As a result, definition of EI varies. Salovey and Mayer (1990) first coined the term of EI and defined EI as the ability to monitor ones own and others feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide ones thinking and actions. Mayer et al. (2000) further defined EI as an ability to recognize the meanings of emotions and their relationships, and reason and problem-solve on the basis of them. EI is involved in the capacity to perceive emotions, assimilate emotion related feelings, understand the information of those emotions, and manage them. However, the concept of EI was popularized by Goleman (1995) through his book Emotional Intelligence, which became a best-selling book for business and education leaders. Goleman (1998a) identified EI as the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships. In addition, Bar-On (2005) defined EI as a cross-section of interrelated emotional and social competencies, skills, and facilitators that determine how effectively we understand and express ourselves, understand others and relate with them, and cope with daily demands. In conclusion, recognizing feelings and controlling emotions are described as the core competencies of EI. Individuals who are emotionally intelligent can understand one another and each others views to overcome conflict and avoid damaging the relationship. Therefore, EI is about sensing what others are feelings and handling relationships effectively (Dulewicz Higgs, 2000). Previous research also addressed the relationship between EI and work outcome variables such as stress perceptions in the workplace (Bar-On, Brown, Kirkcaldy Thome, 2000; Nikolaou Tsaousis, 2002), job satisfaction (Wong Law, 2002), job commitment (Nikolaou Tsaousis, 2002), leader effectiveness (Higgs Aitken, 2003), and performance (Lam Kirby, 2002; Van Rooy Viswesvaran, 2004; Lopes, Grewal, Kadis, Gall Salovey, 2006). 2.3.2 Theories of Emotional Intelligence (EI) Since the emergence of the concept of EI in 1990s, many theories have been proposed. Nevertheless, three theories have gained acceptance among scholars and practitioners (Dulewicz, Higgs Slaski, 2003). These three major theoretical constructs each focused on understanding the roles of skills, traits, and abilities in EI (Emmerling Goleman, 2003). EI has been defined as an ability (Salovey Mayer, 1990), a set of traits and abilities (Bar-On, 2005) or a combination of skills and personal competencies (Goleman, 1995). The ability model is based on an individuals ability to use emotion as part of the reasoning process (Mayer et al., 2000). Mayer et al. asserted that EI depends on the ability to process emotional information and to use core abilities related to emotions. Bar-On (2005) conceptualized EI as a set of personality traits and abilities that predict emotional and social adaption within environments. Bar-On also affirmed that EI is teachable and learnable. According to Goleman (1995), EI is a set of learned skills and competencies and this conceptualization is most widely accepted outside academia. Golemans ideas have contributed to the development of leadership models that outline skills and competencies related to emotionally competent leadership (Emmerling Goleman, 2003). Additionally, the literature has evolved into two main categories of EI models: (1) ability model; and (2) mixed model (Feyerherm Rice, 2002). The Salovey and Mayer theory is considered an ability model of EI, while the Bar-On and Goleman theories are considered mixed model of EI (Mayer et al., 2000). Basically, the ability model encapsulates EI as a skill and the mixed model go beyond ability by including additional personality characteristics that leads to certain behavior. 2.3.2.1 Ability Model The ability model of EI is the Salovey and Mayer (1990) model which officially launched the field of EI. Salovey and Mayer viewed EI as an ability that exists, interacts, and complements an individuals cognitive capabilities. Ability theory promotes the relationship between cognition and emotion based on mental abilities (Mayer, Salovey Caruso, 2004). Salovey and Mayer conceptualized EI as a set of interrelated skills composed of four branches of abilities, which include: (1) perception and expression of emotion; (2) using emotions to facilitate thought; (3) understanding and analyzing emotions; and (4) managing emotions (Mayer et al., 2004). The four branches can be described as follows: (1) the perceiving emotions branch relates to the ability to detect emotions in oneself and in others; (2) the using emotions branch relates to the ability to use emotions in cognitive activities such as problem solving; (3) the understanding emotions branch relates to the ability to comprehend the complexity of emotional language and emotional relationships; and (4) the managing emotions branch relates to the ability for one to regulate emotions in oneself and in others. The ability model of EI is different from other theories because the model is the only one which utilizes an instrument designed to measure ability (Dulewicz et al., 2003). This model operationalizes EI using ability-based measures: the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MECEIT) (Mayer, Salovey Caruso, 2002) and its predecessor, the Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) (Salovey Mayer, 1990). The ability tests measure how well people perform tasks and solve emotional problems, as opposed to other EI scales which rely on the individuals subjective assessment of his or her perceived emotional skills. However, ability tests are expensive and require more resources to administer and score. MSCEIT instrument is difficult to score and lacks workplace applicability (Brackett, Rivers, Shiffman, Lerner Salovey, 2006). Consequently, self-report assessment outnumbers ability tests are more widely used in the mixed models. 2.3.2.2 Mixed Models EI mixed theories highlight the emotional and social functioning of individuals (Goleman, 2005; Bar-On, 2006). Therefore, Bar-On categorizes his model of EI as a key of emotional-social intelligence (ESI). Bar-On (2005) asserted five key competencies are associated with ESI, whereby the five domains of this mixed model are: (1) intrapersonal capacity (the ability to be aware and understand ones own emotions and to express ones feelings and ideas); (2) interpersonal skills (the ability to be aware, understand, and appreciate others feelings as well as to build and maintain effective and satisfying relationships with others); (3) adaptability (the ability to adapt to various situations by effectively managing personal, social, and environmental changes by employing various skills such as problem solving, reality testing, and flexibility); (4) stress management strategies (the ability to manage emotions and to use those emotions to stay motivated and persistent); and (5) motivational an d general mood factors (the ability to be optimistic, to enjoy oneself and others, and to maintain positive feelings) (Bar-On et al., 2000). The Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i), a self-report measure is considered as the most widely used measure of ESI (Bar-On, 2005). The EQ-i analyzes the concept of emotional and social functioning by measuring a persons ability to deal with daily demands and pressures. People who are taking EQ-i answer questions based on five competencies: (1) intrapersonal skills such as emotional self-awareness, self-regard, self-actualization, or independence; (2) interpersonal skills such as interpersonal relationships, empathy, and social responsibility; (3) adaptability, including problem solving, flexibility, and reality testing; (4) stress management, including tolerance and impulse control; and (5) general mood of optimism and happiness. Goleman developed his mixed model theory of EI by building on the work of Salovey and Mayer, in addition to other researchers in the field (Emmerling Goleman, 2003). Basically, Golemans model of EI can be grouped into personal competencies and social competencies that affect personal success in the workplace. Goleman (2005) stated that a personal competence is the ability to keep self-awareness and manage ones behaviors while a social competence is the ability to understand the behaviors of others and manage relationships effectively. These competencies are described in detail as: (1) self-awareness (knowing ones internal states, preferences, resources, and intuitions); (2) self-management (managing ones internal states, impulses, and resources); (3) motivation (emotional tendencies that facilitate reaching goals); empathy (awareness of others feelings, needs, and concerns); and (4) social skills (adeptness at inducing desirable responses in others) (Goleman, 1998a). Based on the emotional competencies identified by Goleman (1998a), the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI) was designed to assess EI. ECI is a 360-degree scale which gathers self, subordinate, peer, and supervisory ratings on social and emotional competencies of individuals in organizations. Subsequently, Boyatzis (2007) designed Emotional Social Competency Instrument (ESCI), a multi-rater assessment in real organizational contexts which comprised of four emotional and social competencies, which include: (1) self-awareness; (2) self-management; (3) social awareness; and (4) relationship management. In general, EI mixed models stress performance based on behavioral competencies and personality traits suitable for a wide range of work contexts, job roles, and job levels (Petrides, Furnham Martin, 2004; Goleman, 2005; Boyatzis, 2007). The mixed model is also comprised of other measurement instruments. For examples, measures such as the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) (Schutte, Malouff, Hall, Haggerty, Cooper, Golden Dornheim, 1998), and Wong and Laws (2002) leadership-focused measure of EI. Many studies in the literature utilize self-report measures of EI based on mixed model perspective that incorporates both disposition and ability (Chan, 2006). According to MacCann, Matthews, Zeidner and Roberts (2003), mixed model scales vastly outnumber ability tests at the stage of EI development, meaning that EI is more commonly assessed as a disposition, rather than as an ability. Additionally, self-report or peer-report measures require less amount of time to com plete and are most cost-effective than the ability based measure. 2.3.3 Emotional Intelligence (EI) and Nursing There is a large body of knowledge related to EI exists outside nursing whereas EI theory and research within nursing is scarce and a more recent phenomenon (Akerjordet Severinsson, 2007; Smith, Profetto-McGrath Cummings, 2009). Smith et al. (2009) conducted a literature review related to EI and nursing during 1995-2007. Smith et al. found only 21 theoretical and 9 empirical articles related to the subject and concluded that although the body of theoretical literature in nursing is growing, scientific research about EI and nursing is just beginning. Apart from that, researches that link EI and nursing are mostly correlation designs using small sample sizes. Akerjordet and Severinsson (2007) asserted that EI has significant implications for nurses quality of work in healthcare. Therefore some qualitative studies have been conducted to explore the concepts and ideas of EI in nursing (Akerjordet Severinsson, 2004; Freshwater Stickley, 2004; Kooker, Shoultz Codier, 2007; Hurley Rankin, 2008). Akerjordet and Severinsson (2004) used qualitative interviews to gain insight into mental health nurses emotional experiences in practice and sought to understand the connection between nurses articulations of emotions in practice and EI concepts. Four main themes emerged from the study, which include: (1) relationship with the patient; (2) the substance of supervision; (3) motivation; and (4) responsibility which are related to different aspects of EI. For instance, relationship with the patient which was a central research finding is linked to EI through the ability to interpret and communicate emotional information. Akerjordet and Severinsson co ncluded that EI implies important personal and interpersonal skills in nurses therapeutic use of self, critical reflection, and stimulates the search for a deeper understanding of professional nursing identity. Additionally, quantitative studies in nursing have linked EI with coping strategies (Rochester, Kilstoff Scott, 2005; Montes-Berges Augusto, 2007) and burnout (Gerits, Derksen, Verbruggen Katzko, 2005). Montes-Berges and Augusto (2007) investigated links between nursing students EI, coping with stress and success at school or work. They indicated that nursing students who possess EI competencies are more likely to manage the pressures of school and continue throughout the nursing programs. The findings further pointed out a moderate correlation between nurses EI and coping within work-related environments. Another study found a clear link between EI and burnout in nurses measured at two different points in time (Gerits et al., 2005). Gerits et al. conducted a two-year longitudinal study on the EI profiles with 380 nurses working in 56 Dutch residential facilities for people with mental retardation. The fewest symptoms of burnout were reported by female nurses with relatively high EI profiles and relatively low social skills. EI has been identified as important for leaders in healthcare environments (Vitello-Cicciu, 2002; Cummings, 2004; McQueen, 2004). Organizational literature supports the notion that strong leaders who know how to manage emotions within complex healthcare systems is needed and will further benefit patient care, nurses, and organizations (Snow, 2001; Herbert Edgar, 2004; Feather, 2009). Emotionally intelligent leaders use emotionally intelligent skill to recognize the professional and emotional needs of colleagues, establish positive relationships with nurses, motivate passion and dedication in the workplace and ultimately influence patient care practices (Vitello-Cicciu, 2003). In a nutshell, emotionally intelligent leaders secure a commitment for excellence in practice through emotionally intelligent relationships that promote improvements in thinking, critical decision making, and care delivery (Strickland, 2000; Snow, 2001; Goleman, 2005). In summary, EI concept is increasingly recognized and is making an appearance in nursing journals (Cadman Brewer, 2001; Evans Allen, 2002; Freshman Rubino, 2002). The literature revealed EI is important and relevant to nursing from both an empirical and a theoretical perspective. EI influences emotion within caring relationships, quality of care and stress management. Emotionally intelligent leaders influence employees retention, quality of patient care, and pati

The Speech the Graduates Didnt Hear

Recent research shows that the last fifty years of college education has been a waste. It didn't provide students with adequate preparation for the real world, so through It all out the window because It was all wrong. An article came across my desk the other day â€Å"The Speech The Graduates Didn't Hear† by Jacob Ensures. It suggests that the last four years of their college career has prepared them for a world which doesn't exist. Not allowing them to fail, and providing an easy way out. Giving things they demented yet didn't deserve.I felt as if it was education that failed not the students. On several notes the writer admits education was what failed not the students: we created an altogether forgiving world, we didn't want to be bothered, and we have accepted failures and k quitters. Ensures went Into details and said â€Å"which ever slight effort you gave was all that was demented† (1). Why should that be enough for a professor who represents an Institution that promotes a higher level of learning? Raise the standards if you think they are not high enough. If his forgiving world you have created Is not realistic. Sake it realistic. As a student myself, I've experienced the lack of care from professors. However when we break appointments or don't meet deadlines make exceptions with consequences. Prepare us of what's to happen in the real world. Doing us a favor that sets us back isn't really a favor. On the other hand, why should we be tolerated or taught things that should be unlearned? According to Carter A Daniel, â€Å"we had to do it, for the sake of education† (CTD. In Ensures 2). To an extent I can agree. Still as leaders, I feel they hocked be held responsible. Why aren't they being held responsible? In life every action has a reaction. As students if we see the lack of care, or respect from a professor it will reflect In our work and attitude towards them. Professors seem not to care as much because to them it's the student' s life and choice. The choices we make don't Impact them directly so why should they care. As Ensures stated â€Å"quitters are no heroes†, that's what we are taught in the real world. (1) However in college it's somehow accepted. Teach me, mold me, show me the right way. How can we learn If I've never been taught?How can we know failure if we've never really failed? The writer clearly states â€Å"With us you could argue about why your errors were not errors, why mediocre work really was excellent, why you could take pride in routine and slipshod presentations† (Ensures 1 Clearly these excuses are being accepted instead of corrected. Professor Carter A Daniel said it best when he wrote â€Å"Education has failed you by being easy, free, forgiving, attentive, comfortable, Interesting, and unchallenged fun† (CTD. Ensures 2). I say It's time for the facilities ND students to come together and make a change.Do it because we have to. Do it for education. By Indian t hrough it all out the window because it was all wrong. An article came across my world which doesn't exist. Not allowing them to fail, and providing an easy way out. Failed not the students. On several notes the writer admits education was what failed bothered, and we have accepted failures and k quitters. Ensures went into details should that be enough for a professor who represents an institution that promotes a this forgiving world you have created is not realistic, make it realistic. As a student should be held responsible.Why aren't they being held responsible? In life every professor it will reflect in our work and attitude towards them. Professors seem not to don't impact them directly so why should they care. As Ensures stated â€Å"quitters are somehow accepted. Teach me, mold me, show me the right way. How can we learn if we've never been taught? How can we know failure if we've never really failed? The slipshod presentations† (Ensures 1). Clearly these excuses are being accepted interesting, and unchallenged fun† (CTD. Ensures 2). I say it's time for the facilities

Сysti fibros and curcumin

Corcumin or corcuma is the scientific name of the ancient spice turmeric. It is a rhizome that is commonly available in the market as a bright yellow powder. It is a popular condiment and culinary dye in the East and the Mid-East. However, other than its utility in the kitchen, corcumin also has medical uses. It is a mild digestive and an antiseptic, and currently, it is regarded as a cure for cystic fibrosis (The Epicentre, 2003). What are the major symptoms of cystic fibrosis?Cystic Fibrosis is often diagnosed from symptoms characterized by thick, viscious mucus secreations in the lungs, color and amount change of sputum, chronic cough usually with blood streaks, wheezing, and bronchitis. Other symptoms of the disease include chronic sinusitis, asthma, nasal polyps, weight loss, dehydration, excessive salt in sweat, abdominal pain, flatulence, and fatigue (The Epicentre, 2003). Why does the sweat of patients with CF have excess salt? The sweat of CF patients have excessive salt bec ause the CF blocks the chloride that passes through the membranes.This leaves the chloride stranded in the sweat ducts, resulting in trapped sodium and positively charged chloride. This causes the salty seat that emerges from the body of a CF patient (Orenstein, 2003). What is CFTR and what is its normal function? Also known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR is responsible for making protein that serves as a channel for the membrane of cells that produce mucus, sweat, saliva, tears, and digestive enzymes.It helps in the transportation of positive chloride ions and negative sodium ions. It also regulates the movement of water in the tissues, which is necessary for the production of thin, free-flowing mucus. This mucus lubricates the linings of the different body systems (National Library of Medicine [NLM], 2009). What is the role of cAMP in CFTR function? The role of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in CFTR function is that it helps regulate the CFTR through protein kinase A (NLM, 2009).Why does delta F508 mutation in CFTR cause CF? How is the delta F508 protein different from normal proteins? How does this change affect the movement of the protein through the ER? Delta F508 protein mutation causes CF because it lacks phenylalanine residue at position 508. Due to this, it cannot function as normal proteins do. When this mutation is synthesized through the normal cellular machinery, it is rapidly recognized as misfolded and is shortly degraded even before reaching the actual site of action at the cell surface.There is only a low probability for this kind of protein mutation to reach the ER or the endoplasmic reticulum (Rowe, Miller, & Sorscher, 2005). References National Library of Medicine. (2009, May 29). â€Å"CFTR†. Genetics Home Reference. Retrived June 3, 2009, from http://ghr. nlm. nih. gov/gene=cftr Orenstein, D. (2003). Cystic Fibrosis. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rowe, S. M. , Miller, S. , & Sorscher, E. J. (2005). Cystic fibrosis. New England Journal of Medicine, 352 (19), 1992–2001. The Epicentre. (2003). Turmeric. The Epicentre Encyclopedia of Spices. R

Starbucks India Essay Example

Starbucks India Essay Example Starbucks India Essay Starbucks India Essay Cataracts Is one of the most admired International coffee brands. As Indian economy is growing, Cataracts has sensed business opportunities and has entered through a Joint venture with Data Global Beverages and worked to create best business in India. Business Strategy To Generate Best Business In India: Cataracts is selecting strategy in a systematic manner by opening stores only in prominent locations to attract more consumers and starting with the small business to create best business in India. Giving customers a high quality coffee experience along with comfortable and spacious facility where they could spend their time with rinds and family. According to a research report on coffee chain, Very few of Indian consumers order a beverage to take away with them. Most consumers spend about 45 minutes in a cafe ©, using it as a spot to meet friends and relatives. Target Customers: Cataracts has higher prices as compared to other Coffee shops. As said by a customer (a college students We normally go 3-4 times during a week in coffee shops. Thats why we prefer to go to CDC than Cataracts. But if we have to go once in a month, we might go to Cataracts. Cataracts attracts mostly high class and foreign customers. Very few college students or youngsters go to Cataracts. Promotion And Advertising Strategy To Generate Best Business In India: Cataracts has adopted a unique sampling strategy for the publicity of Its product by distributing free coffee In small cups in front of their outlet to generate best business. Normally coffee is distributed during peak hours, such as during lunch hours. According to a server in Cataracts, We distribute free coffee to make consumers aware of our taste. Normally it is distributed when we have some new coffee. But since we are new in India, we are distributing all the coffees. In summers, we distribute cold coffee and in winters, we distribute hot coffee. Cataracts believe In word of mouth publicity. They believe that a satisfied and happy customer could be the best source of publicity and this could help in generating best business in India. Product Mix: Cataracts offer wide variety of products to Its customers. Ready to eat Items offered by Cataracts can be classified into 2 categories: Drinks: They serve 100 per cent Arabian coffee. All the drinks are prepared in top quality. This is one of the main reasons to create best business in India_ It can be further classified Into 3 sub- disagrees: 1 . Espresso Beverages (Hot or Iced) 2. Production Blended Beverages 3. Non-Coffee Beverages Each category has about 8 to 10 different varieties. Each product is offered to customers In 3 different sizes- short, tall and grand having different prices. Customers also have the option of adding special syrup or shot in their drinks. All the products are served In high quality cleaned and designer cups and glasses. They also have different types of sugars, such as brown sugar, no sugar and regular sugar for different customers. Food: All the food items were of high quality. But they have very less variety in food items which goes up to 6-7 items. Food items include delicious world-class coffee beans. They also sell different varieties of chocolates. Customers could also purchase world-class coffee cups, designer glasses and tea flasks from Cataracts. This business is another source of revenue for Cataracts. Pricing Strategy To Generate Best Business In India: Cataracts do not employ any discount strategy to attract customers. They have positioned themselves in high price segment. All the items in Cataracts are 30-40 per cent costly, if compared from other coffee shops. They believe in providing top quality and service at high prices. Ambiance of Cataracts can be rated highest if compared it to other coffee shops. They change their ambiance with the change in season. This is the main contributor which generates best business in India. They have different ambiance in summer and in winter. Each store is designed specifically. For example, the store in Consonant Place, New Delhi has ropes and carpets on the wall with the pictures of Indian spices. This look makes it very soothing for the eye. Sofas and chairs were very comfortable with enough space to sit. Outlets are so spacious that we could easily walk and move. This was complemented by the soft music soothing to ears. When I visited the store, there were lot of customers in the store, but the place didnt seem crowded because of vast available store space. Stores are designed to give customers a unique experience in Cataracts. They aim to provide world-class facilities to its customers. Cataracts has also emerged as a meeting place for businessmen and entrepreneurs. Attitude often Staff: Staff was very helpful and polite. They were good in communications and in etiquette. There was one dedicated person to help customers find their place. Also there was one extra person at the counter to help customers choose their drink. Behavior of the manager towards employee was also good. Even once, I saw manager picking leftover plates. This reflects their courteousness and good culture. All these factors increase customer loyalty which generates best business opportunities in India. Cataracts also replaces the drink of a customer free of cost, when a customer after tasting his drink finds it not suitable for himself. This sends a positive message towards Cataracts. Prepaid Card Cataracts also offers customers the facility of prepaid card. In which customers can fill any amount and then they can use this card for paying their bills. This card saves customer every time from carrying cash or their debit/credit cards. Recommendations For Generating Best Business In India 1 . They have either one or two stores in a city. Customers have to travel a lot, if they want to have coffee from Cataracts. Instead of traveling, many customers choose to go to other nearby coffee shop. So Cataracts should focus on increasing the number of outlets. This will further help them to generate best business in India. 2. Cataracts should try to give personal attention to each customer to generate best business in India. Cataracts has mostly high class customers and giving them personal attention will increase brand loyalty. 3. To attract more youths, Cataracts should decrease their price. 4. Cataracts has always adopted social media marketing strategy, but in India people are less attached to internet as compared to US and I-J. Therefore Cataracts consumers. 5. Shattuck further needs to identify business opportunities to increase their market share in India.

Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essays

Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essays Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essay Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essay First of all, I prepare my working place and start my determination. All my measurements are recorded to the table above. For more accurate results of   kinetic I recorded data with 5 different weights.  The smallest graduation of the spring scale is 0.1 N. According to this, the absolute uncertainty of weight of the block is 0.05 N. I do not add additional uncertainty as I did not encounter any further difficulties in weight measurement. I used weights provided by my teacher. Those weights were precisely 1 N each. In the table I only provide the number of them and therefore I take it without uncertainty.  Once again the smallest graduation of the spring scale is 0.1N and according to this, the absolute uncertainty of friction force measurements should be 0.05N, but I decided to take this uncertainty as 0.1N as it was hard to determine the friction force correctly. I needed to pull the block with the weights at just that force to overcome the friction. I needed to pull equally and using the constant force. It was hard to do, so I decided to add some further uncertainty. Data processing:  When determining the kinetic friction coefficient the mg is equal to the normal force. In each situation I add the weight of the block with weight of the number of weights added. As my used weights were very precise and provided by my teacher I do not include uncertainty to their weights. They were 1N each. Therefore, I leave the absolute uncertainty of the normal force the same as the weight of the block as the same uncertainty remains. ?Normal force = ?weight of the block + ?weights - ?normal force = ?weight of the block + 0. For each situation with different number of weights, the normal force differs as well. I calculated the normal force in this way:  Normal force = weight of the block + n x weight of one weight - Normal force = 0.60 + 1n, where n is the number of weights added.  First of all I measured the length of the wooden plane. I used a meter rule which had a smallest graduation of 0.1 cm. Therefore, I should take the absolute uncertainty of length measurement as 0.05cm, but I decided to take it as 0.1cm due to the fact that wooden plane could not have been in a perfect rectangular shape and therefore length at different positions could be different. I decided to investigate and to check the static coefficient of friction in different situations, so I include the number of weights attached to the wooden block. I provide them as integer numbers.  Further I collected raw data of the height just before which the wooden block started to move. I collected these readings with a meter rule which smallest graduation was 0.1cm and therefore the absolute uncertainty of height measurements should be 0.05cm but I decided to take the absolute uncertainty as 0.3cm due to the fact that wooden plane was lifted by a human and therefore it was hard to identify the correct height.However the biggest deviation from the mean is 0.06, so this number will be taken as the absolute uncertainty. Now I can compare my result with literatures. In Giancoli Physics page 97 it is provided that the coefficient of static friction of wood on wood is equal to 0.4. The percentage discrepancy is equal to 45%. Also, the percentage uncertainty is equal to 27%. I will discuss these finding in conclusion and evaluation part.  Conclusion and evaluation:  The first part of my determination, where I had to find the kinetic coefficient was done more precisely, but not more accurately. The percentage discrepancy compared with the literatures was 0% what is a great achievement, but however the percentage uncertainty was 100%. In the second part discrepancy was 45% and percentage uncertainty was 27%. The percentage uncertainty of the static friction coefficient is quite good, but still the result and determined coefficient is quite far from given literatures value. Therefore, I have to state the weaknesses and limitations of my determination. Some errors were encountered and the percentage uncertainties are quite big despite the fact that I tried to be as accurate as possible. Next time I may try to improve my determination with suggestions provided further and then more accurate results could come. First of all, the main weakness of the determination was human factor as it was needed either to pull uniformly or to lift the plane very slowly and uniformly as well. It was clearly the weakest part of all determination as uniformity was very difficult to achieve. Of course, calculating means helped me to determine the coefficients more precisely, but huge uncertainties were still left. Moreover I could blame the instruments as I had to use quite many of them, but the uncertainty they provided was relatively small. Furthermore, some systematic errors have occurred as I had to do a lot of calculations and roundings during the data processing part. Also, the instruments may have been badly calibrated and this could have affected my determination. However, systematic errors are not so important because even if they even were encountered, they were very small. Another thing is with random errors as they were really significant because the percentage uncertainty shows quite high result. I could provide several suggestions to improve the determination. First of all, I would rather use bigger and longer plane and bigger block. Then, as I would still use the same equipment with same absolute uncertainties, the percentage uncertainty would be reduced significantly. The uncertainty would be less important and more accurate results would come. Also, human factor uncertainty would be reduced because it would be easier to pull uniformly or to lift the plane. However, my suggestions would only lesser the uncertainties, but they would not totally cancel them.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE - Language in Theory and Practice Essay - 1

ENGLISH LANGUAGE - Language in Theory and Practice - Essay Example Advertising thus resorts into subtle messaging to obtain attention, develop interest, and stimulate desire for the thing being advertised (Proctor, Proctor & Papasolomou-Doukakis, 2002:32). The Citizen print ad contains multimedia texts – written words, pictures of champion skier Chemmy Alcott dressed in ski attire and holding her skis, and a close-up of the model of Citizen Eco-Drive, the watch being promoted. In boldface capital letters is the word UNSTOPPABLE appears twice on the page. Metaphor is described as â€Å"a rhetorical style of comparing two dissimilar objects, so that the characteristic of one object is transferred to the other.† In this advertisement, visual metaphor was used to effect visual persuasion (Miller, Hadjimarcou, & Miciak, 2000:60). In the ad, the visual metaphor is created between the skier and the watch, both facing the viewer frontally. The watch is unstoppable because it relies on an inexhaustible energy supply. Inexhaustible energy is likewise implicitly attributed to Chemmy Alcott as a matter of character. Furthermore, vector analysis enhanced by close-up shot identifies her direct stare at the viewer as a â€Å"demand† that also personally challenges the audience’s belief and behaviour. Here, â€Å"genderization† is depicted no as attribute â€Å"but as a relation of power and a process by which gender structures are created, reinforced and/or transformed† (Norlander, 2000 in Lidestav & Sjà ¶lander, 2007:352). Chemmy Alcott is depicted as the consummate athlete, a field dominated by men. The reference is clearly gender based, as women in sports are a rarity. For women, the construct â€Å"unstoppable† means that even if social norms tried to stop her, she would not. She does not detract from her femininity, however, which is why her watch is studded with 30 diamonds, â€Å"a girl’s best friend†, and with a subtle Mother-of-Pearl color, an

Discussion of Three Wishes for Cinderella and other filmed versions Essay

Discussion of Three Wishes for Cinderella and other filmed versions - Essay Example The portrayed glass slipper has critical and intensive meaning and denotation by consideration of varying aspects. They symbolize or infer the prestige of the princess due to the large price paid to acquire one and also represent the delicateness of the prince. The prince has physically light and elegant appearance to be able to put fittingly on the shoes without even destroying or shattering them. The final symbolism presented by the glass slipper indicates of Cinderella ability to comfort to wear and dance with the grace. This action presents a picture of mettle as normally glass slipper is typically uncomfortable. The Godmother features on few versions of the Cinderella and thus he is uncommon character in the Cinderella narrative as elaborated by Perrault’s version of the account. With reference other varying versions of Cinderella, possibly in other cultures, frequently the heroine acquires aids from the deceased mother or even nanny. The fairy godmothers account is relat able to the in Western lifestyle as Perrault elaborates and even the following accounts from Disney. The figure functions of the portrayed versions all presents miraculous and feel-superior fantasy that brings together the community and appeals to every generation. The film â€Å"Three Wishes for Cinderella† informs of historic and classic Cinderella tale disregarding a hint of irony. Cinderella is played by Libuse Sanfrankova. This lady lives in a quaint village securely hidden into a wintry bush adjacent to a local castle. Her stepmother and sister green-eyed of her beauty, happiness and good-nature, try to saddle her with a life of drudgery. Their worst torture is to dispense two types of seeds on the ground for Cinderella to separate. Though it is tedious and random, the underprivileged maiden calls on affable doves to assist. The movie is typically a live action and is cool to see birds