Cis170 Essay Example for Free

Cis170 Essay exploitation System. Collections. Generic using System. Linq using System. Text labelpace Lab5A class Program static void Main(string args) string playerName = tonic string100 int playerScore = tender int100 int c = 0 c=InputData(ref playerName, ref playerScore) double avg= CalculateAverageScore(ref playerScore,c) Console. WriteLine(Name Score) DisplayPlayerData(ref playerName, ref playerScore, c) Console. WriteLine() Console. WriteLine(Average Score + avg + ) Console. WriteLine(Players Who Scored Below Average) Console.WriteLine(Name Score) DisplayBelowAverage(avg, ref playerName, ref playerScore,c) static int InputData(ref string player, ref int score) int addName = 0,counter=0 do Console. Write(Enter Players Name (Q to quit) ) playercounter = Console. ReadLine() if (playercounter == q playercounter == Q) addName = 1 else Console. Write(Enter score for 0 , playercounter) scorecounter = Convert. ToInt32(Console. ReadLine()) counter++ while (addName = 1) eturn counter static void DisplayPlayerData(ref string playerName, ref int playerScore,int counter) for (int i = 0 i lt counter i++) Console. WriteLine(01, playerNamei, playerScorei) static double CalculateAverageScore(ref int playerScore,int counter) int total = 0, avg = 0 for (int i = 0 i lt counter ++i) total += Convert. ToInt32(playerScorei) if (playerScore. Length gt 0) avg = total / counter replication avg static void DisplayBelowAverage(double avg, ref string playerName, ref int playerScore,int counter) or (int i = 0 i lt counter i++) if (playerScorei lt avg) Console. WriteLine(01, playerNamei, playerScorei) Console. ReadLine() Part B using System using System. Collections. Generic using System. Linq using System. Text using System. Collections namespace Week_5_iLab_Part_B class Program static void Main(string args) string response = y ArrayList LastNameAL = new ArrayList() //Console. Write(Enter a last name ) //LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()) //Console. Write(Keep Going? (Y/N) ) //response = Console.ReadLine() while (response == y) Console. Write(Enter a last name ) LastNameAL. Add(Console. ReadLine()) Console. Write(Keep Going? (y/n) ) response = Console. ReadLine() Console. WriteLine(LastNameAL. Count + last names entered. ) Console. WriteLine(Last names in ascending order. ) LastNameAL. Sort() foreach (string s in LastNameAL) Console. WriteLine(s) Console. WriteLine(Last names in descending order. ) LastNameAL. Reverse() foreach (string s in LastNameAL) Console. WriteLine(s) Console. ReadLine()

Homosexuals in the United States Military Essay Example for Free

transvestites in the fall in States Military Es verifyHomosexuals and U. S military service new laws and regulations which came into effect in 1993 reflected a compromise in policy. This settlement, referred to as dont ask, dont tell, states that the existence in the armed forces of persons who reveals a tendency or political platform to take on homosexual acts would produce an intolerable hazard to the high standards of morale, high- caliber order and discipline, and unit solidity which be the core of military capacity.Service instalments argon not to be asked about nor allowed to talk about their crotchet. This negotiation in spite of the matter has remained politically controversial. Previous to the 1993 compromise, the figure of individuals releases for homosexuality was by and large declining. From the time, the number of discharges for homosexual conduct has loosely amplified until recent times. In the wake of the new 1993 laws and regulations, constitutional chall enges to the former and current military policies regarding homosexuals followed.In the case of Bowers vs. Hardwick, the U. S Supreme Court Ruling said that there is no right to engage in consensual homosexual sodomy. In this case, the courts generally said that military men may be lawfully discharge for explicit homosexual conduct. Nevertheless, the legal picture was convoluted by the Courts 2003 decision in Lawrence v. Texas which ruled against Bowers by declaring unconstitutional a Texas law that prohibited sexual acts between very(prenominal) sex couples.Moreover, shakeed legal questions lingered as to whether a release based exclusively on a statement that a service member is homosexual disobeys constitutional limits. For the time being, efforts to allow individuals of the same sex to marry legally materialize implausible to affect the Department of Defense (DOD) policy close to term, because such individuals atomic number 18 barred from serving in the military, even though court challenges are possible. For the duration of the 1992 presidential campaign, Bill Clinton promised to remove the ban on homosexuals in the U.S armed services.Once in office, he met with massive resistance from the U. S military and its congressional allies, and by summer of 1993, the original policy proposal was dead. Instead, Congress enacted the go int Ask, Dont Tell, Dont Pursue policy gays and lesbians can now attend in the military, but they are obliged to keep their sexual discernment private. Challengers of the open integrating of gays and lesbians be possessed of discarded many an(prenominal) of standard justifications for excluding homosexuals from military service.For example, the Pentagon and its cronies no longer disagree that gays and lesbians are security risks because of the threat of blackmail. As a case in point, even though both the former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Pofountainhead and the famous military sociologist Charles Mosk os contest the open integration of homosexuals in the military, they recognize that gays and lesbians are valuable soldiers. Discharge measures against homosexuals are packed with statements of many of these individuals excellent records, reliability, and commitment to their jobs.The matter is not whether gays and lesbians are good quality soldiers as individuals, but instead, the consequence of these individuals on the group. Opponents of removing all restrictions on homosexuals service argue that open incorporation of gays and lesbians would obstruct the development of primary group ropiness, which they say is significant to military efficiency. During the 1993 congressional trials on homosexuality in the military, both Senate and House testimony paid attention on the issue of unit cohesion.For instance, indeed Senator Sam Nuun, chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee in July 1993 asked each of the 6 Joint Chiefs of Staff to discuss unit cohesion and its importance in u nderdeveloped combat capability. Army Chief of Staff General Gordon Sullivan answered him by saying that cohesion is developed by uniformity, by devotion to a viridity sense of values and behavior. The introduction into many small units of person whose open orientation and self-definition is completely opposed to the rest of the group will cause latent hostility and disruption (Herek 1987).Senior US military officers concerned that the open integration of homosexuals would get in the way of the development of cohesion within small groups are not trusted or respected as expressed by Po wholesome and Admiral David Jeremiah, and they added that in atmosphere of doubts, orders may not be carried out and daily friendly gestures that encourage companionship- everyday childlike horseplay and rough-housing, a pat on the back or arm around the shoulder- become suspect, provoke fear or loathing, and annihilate group cohesion (Nowak, 1993)).Powell added that in order to win wars and battles the army needs to make cohesive groups of warriors who will bond so strongly that they are ready to go into battle and give their lives if indispensable and it is intolerable to allow anything to upset that feeling of cohesion inside the force. The disagreement about unit cohesion is based on two propositions the first one is that primary group cohesion increases military effectiveness and second, open gay and lesbian personnel would disturb cohesion and thus military performance.According to Kier (1998) these propositions are wrong and she said that such statements do not reflect what social science research and inhabit have demonstrated about the relationship between cohesion and performance and the consequence of putting together previously excluded groups on primary group cohesion. Investigations of Homosexual Conduct Even if broad investigations of homosexual behavior are the exemption rather than the rule, there are noteworthy numbers of cases in which such investigations ha ve been conducted.Based on the cases reviewed by Gosling (1993), he concluded that the immense majority of investigations that have happened have been correctly instigated, that is, an investigation has been made only afterwards the commandant had determined that there was convincing information that the member had engaged in homosexual conduct. Also, based on his findings, he was able to find out that a lot of the criticisms made about inappropriate initiation of investigations mirror a misinterpretation of the Departments policy.In practice, plausible information has any(prenominal)times been provided to commanders in ways that service members might not have been anticipated to occur, or has been based on communications or performance that the partners, roommates, or unconnected trine parties have sometimes come forward on their own to account information or proof of homosexual conduct to commanders next to the wishes of the service member in question (Nowak 1993).Photographs or in black and white communications that verifies homosexual conduct has sometimes been showed to civilians who then brought this proof to the attention of a commander, with no question having been conducted by the commander. Plausible information has also been incidentally discovered in the course of proper, entirely unrelated criminal or disciplinary investigations for a commander to initiate an investigation when information has been reported in any of these circumstances, granted that the information received is credible (Suraci, 1992).Indeed, because federal law requires that those who take on in homosexual conduct must be discharged from the military commanders are compelled to investigate whenever they receive credible evidence of homosexual conduct. In addition, many academic institutions have ratified rules that defended homosexuals from prejudice on campus. Accordingly, colleges, universities, and even high schools have required barring military recruiters from their camp uses or otherwise eliminating Reserve military officer Training Corps Programs on campus because of the DOD rule on homosexuals in the military.Simultaneously, legislation has been ratified that bars giving federal funds to campuses that obstruct hitch for military recruiters (Suraci 1992). On March 6, 2006, the Supreme Court upturned a federal appeals court verdict in Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights (FAIR), and endorsed the constitutionality of the Solomon Amendment, which forbids certain(a) federal funding to higher educational institutions that refute admittance by military recruiters to their students equal to that provided to other employers.Deviance Present among sociological conceptions of deviance is an tone-beginning that concerns itself not as much of with the characteristics of the person or persons said to have despoiled a social rule than with the character of the responses of other persons to these characteristics and events. This advanceme nt, occasionally called the labeling approach to deviance, observes the deviant as a social creation, the result of contact sequences between labelers and labeled (Becker, 1964).The questions that are lifted by this approach thus concern the behaviors that are tagged as deviant, what the methods are by which the labels are effectively applied or avoided, and what the results of such procedures are for both labelers and labeled. Nevertheless, regardless of the highlight laid on deviance as a creation of interaction, in practice most consideration has been paid to the labelers role in this process (Simon 1987). The method of developing deviance appears all collective response and no deviant stimulus.This is possibly an overreaction to an overreaction. For example, one theory is spelled out as to why some people fragment rules and some do not in terms of what is called as commitment and for other labeling theorists, characteristics of the deviant himself are not completely unrelated ( Simon 1987). The point is well taken, but for example, in some of Goffmans writings (1961) on mental patients his employment of the concept career contingencies materializes to treat the mental patient as a pawn, eccentric to the vagaries of all sorts of contextual demands.As a result of the above, labeling theory also has been seen as taking the side of the underdog- that the deviant is seen as a victim of the passably subjective measures of control agencies. He is more sinned against than sinning, as it is a matter of chance, or racial or socioeconomic factors, rather than any behavior on his part, that chooses whether he is cast as deviant. Homosexuals in the Army in Other Countries Homosexuals in the military is not just an issue faced by the United States, there are many more countries out there that have the same situation as the US.The number of countries that permit gay and lesbian soldiers to serve in the armed forces is growing and it is increasingly becoming more import ant to know whether official decisions with regards to the inclusion of homosexual service members in the military return t channelizes in organizational performance (West 1965). Even though most members of NATO plus some nations has already permitted gay and lesbian soldiers to serve, there has still a very few empirical analysis of whether the decision to remove gay ban influences the ability of armed forces to pursue their missions.This topic has been addressed by some theoretical studies but there has been no in-depth empirical analysis on the consequences of removing gay bans (Sudnow 1965). In Canada for example, there were a handful of careful studies immediately after Canadas 1992 decision of abolishing restrictions on gay and lesbian soldiers (Belkin, 2001). Although that was the case, long term impact of the new policy could not be known in those other(a) studies and even the best qualitative research is only based on a few sources (West 1965).American officer, Lt Gen Ca lvin Waller, affirmed in 1993 that since Canada had not been caught up in armed conflict since the ban was lifted, he explained that Canadas justification for considering the proof that has mounted up for up to eight years since the ban was removed is that older Canadian officials foresee that altering the policy might compromise military effectiveness (Millet 1999). For this reason, the Canadian incident gives an opportunity to assess the effect of the policy change in opposition to early forecasts by senior military leaders.After discussing the historical development of homosexual personnel policy in Canada, the authors examined whether Canadas decision to abolish restrictions on gay and lesbian soldiers influences military efficiency (Brumett, 1981). The papers findings, based on a review of primary and secondary sources, as well as interviews with 29 military personnel and experts from the academic, non-governmental, and policy communities, is that Canadas decision to lift its gay ban had no effect on military performance, eagerness, unity, or morale (Millet 1999).

The Code Of Hammurabi History Essay

The Code Of Hammurabi History EssayAlmost 4,000 years ago, King Hammurabi control the kingdom of Babylon, a part of Mesopotamia. He gave the world one of its oldest sets of laws. Archaeologists found the Code ( sight of laws) of Hammuraabi carved on a black rock slab. An nitty-gritty for an eye was the rule of the day. People who hurt others could expect the same fate or worse. The code also dealt with business and civilization discloses. An example of Hammurabis code If a constructor builds a house for someone and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to death.The collection of rules was compiled toward the end of the forty-three year reign of Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.), sixth ruler of the First Dynasty of Babylon, the king who directed the great political expansion of the empire and organized a complex and sophisticated governwork forcet and forces bureaucracy to administer it. He defeat ed powerful rival kingdoms and extended his political and diplomatic influence end-to-end the ancient Near East.The code of Hammurabi is the longest and best organized of the law collections from Mesopotamia. It draws on the traditions of earlier law collections and doubtless influenced those that came later. The composition consists of a lengthy prologue, amidst 275 and 300 law provisions, and an epilogue. The prologue stresses the theologys appointment of Hammurabi as ruler of his people, his role as guardian and protector of the weak and powerless, and his care and attention to the cultic needs of the patron deities of the valety another(prenominal) cities incorporated into his realm. The laws of this composition, inscribed on imposing black stone stelas, stand as evidence of Hammurabis worthiness to rule.The complex first provision of the Laws of Hammurabi (LH) involve homicide and go to establish immediately the states right to impose the death penalty on a subject LH 1 If a man accuses another man and charges him with homicide but then cannot b sonorousness proof against him, his accuser shall be killed. In formulating LH 1 in this manner, a number of pieces of information about the legal organisation are revealed that a private individual (and not necessarily only an official body or officer) may bring charges against another person that such(prenominal) charges must be substantiated in some way and that a false accuser suffers the penalty he sought for his intended victim.The epilogue emphasizes the king as military leader who brings peace to his subjects. It explicitly states that these laws were inscribed on a stela and publicly displayed in order to testify to Hammurabis righteous and just rule, to bring comforter to anyone seeking justice, and to serve as an example for future rulers. It seeks blessings for Hammurabi from his successors and the beneficiaries of his legacy it blesses them if they treat his Stella and laws with respect and i t brings down the terrible curses of the great gods against any who would violate the path Hammurabi subject or who would mutilate or desecrate his monument.The LH is known from numerous manuscripts, copied and recopied over the centuries in the scribal centers of Mesopotamia. The most complete and famous exemplar is the black stone stela, now housed in the Musee du Louvre, Paris, excavated in 1901-1902 by archaeological teams working in the ancient Elamite capital Susa. The stela, one of several that were erected in Babylonian cities, was taken as booty to Susa in the twelfth century B.C.E. by the Elamite ruler Shutruk-Nahhunte I, probably from Sippar, from which he also plundered monuments of other Mesopotamian rulers. The Louvre stela, which forms the basis of every adaptation of the Laws, is a pillar of diorite almost s charge and a half feet tall. On the top, covering almost one-third of the stela, is an imposing scene of the sun-god Shamash, god of justice, position on his throne, and standing before him the king Hammurabi.The precise interpretation of this scene-that the god is dictating the laws to the king, or that the king is offering the laws to the god, or that the king is accepting the rod and ring that are the emblems of temple-building and sovereignty-is debated, but the iconographic message it communicated to even the illiterate must shed been clear King Hammurabi and the god of justice Shamash together protect the people of Babylonia.The physically imposing Louvre stela, like other monumental inscriptions of its time, is inscribed in an archaic ductus and in the direction employed earlier, before the script was turned xc degrees counterclockwise the visual impact of the script and the orientation, along with the archaizing, literary language used in the prologue and epilogue that frame the collection of rules, magnify the authority of the composition. The columns of the text inscribed on the stela are written in bands across the front and then the back of the circumference, beginning immediately below the throne of the god Shamash the prologue and epilogue each occupy about five columns, and the series of legal provisions occupies about forty-one columns.The changes during Old Babylonian period involved factory farm and landscapes, relevant old Babylonian records, socio-economic trends, local notables and officials and also notable women. The Tigris and Euphrates continued to be, the most actively shaping forces in ongoing, incessant processes of landscape formation and alteration. During late spring, floods, course avulsions were common through breaches in the river banks. Canal construction, whether for irrigation or for boat and barge bulk transport, has always been a significant contributing factor. Shifting boilersuit pattern of canalized water withdrawals also contribute to second-order instabilities far downstream of particular instances of human intervention. Maps illustrating current, still evolving unders tandings of Tigris-Euphrates courses for the upper alluvium in Ur III Old Babylonian times can be found for the northern alluvium. At around the end of Ur III, there is good evidence of major westward movements of some Euphrates courses, and also of apparently substantial reductions in the ancient Idigna branch of the Tigris.The extension of much of the entire field of communications from state-controlled circles to wider, more heterogeneous, unofficial and private ones introduces the issue of agency. The agency probably does also induces a less narrowly focused interest in the products of routinized bureaucracy and opens the way to pursue ancient life-histories and to map their interactions systematically.several(prenominal) major socioeconomic features characterize the Old Babylonian period. The first and most ominous, mainly in the northern alluvium, was the onset of a growing impoverishment of the usual population of agriculturalists. Land was at first widely for sale there, b ut as disparities grew a stratum of relatively wealthy creditors made its appearance. As holdings became even more concentrated in the hands of large organizations throughout Babylonia, and as palace and temple interconnections with these private bodies were forcefully supported by the king,the trends seem to have converged. Van de Mieroop is surely right to caution usthat a constant interaction in the midst of rural and urban populations must have existed, and an antagonism between the two should not be assumed An informal and unattested, as well as a formal flow of goods and acts of reciprocity was vital to both. Meanwhile, the convenience and tractability of transactions conducted in silver led to a withering of royal interest in active economic intervention. The palace no longer mainly accepted payments in kind.A council of elders (botum) and popular assemblages (alum, karum, puIrum) became strong enough to have survived later even under Hammurabis overbearing control as comm unity variety meat of self-government that coexisted with the state. Judges (who acted not individually but collectively) played a part, as sometimes did royal representatives with consensual dicisions on peace and war.While men were the most active in business, some women collaborated with their husbands in real estate, slave and adoption transactions, and in jointly obtaining loans. Widows maintained some control of joint plaza after their husbands death, and sons were obliged to support them during their lifetime.

Social and emotional learning (SEL)

Social and randy information (SEL)There is a daunting list of issues which face students and educators same. A growing come in of genuinely effective educational establishments be now coming to realise that competence in socio-emotional maturement and faculty member achievement are intrinsically united and an integrated, coordinated approach (i.e. not just teaching children how to pass exams but educating them in how to ramp up life skills and deal with social challenges) in each of these areas not only cooperates students maximise their potential in school but throughout their lives. Educational establishments are now viewed as an important if not central expanse for health promotion and primary prevention in addition to the education of students (Roeser, Eccles, Samoroff, 2000, p. 467). This information however, is far from new. Wang et al. (1997) examined 28 learning influence categories which were based on handbook chapters, surveys of national experts and research s yntheses. Of their decisions they discovered that of the 11 most influential categories, 8 of them involved factors which were socio-emotional ( schoolroom climate, peer group, social interaction, etc). In support of this work the (American) National vegetable marrow for Education Statistics (2002) cited that among the predominant reasons given for children dropping out of school several involved socio-emotional factors. Generally feeling left out made up 23.2% whilst those who did not get on with peers or teachers accounted for 20.1% and 35% respectively. 12.1% of the students said they did not feel safe. These worrying figures led Wang et al. to conclude that intervention of a direct kind in the psychological determinants of learning promises the most effective avenues of reform (p. 210) which in any case supports the cohesive provision of social and emotional learning throughout school-life.Social and emotional learning (SEL) is the ability indoors the student to recognise emo tions and manage them effectively whilst establishing lordly and healthy relationships with others around them (competencies which are inarguably all important(p) for all pupils). Accordingly, the objectives of SEL are a combination of cognitions, behaviours and emotions. It is this process of knowledge acquisition and its effective application regarding attitudes and the development of related skills (including managing emotions, developing concern and care towards others, decision-making in a responsible manner and capably handling situations which may be challenging) (Beaty, 2008). Through positive engagement in activities within the classroom and outside the learning environment the students can learn SEL skills in a similar fashion to the manner in which they learn academic skills, then apply them and put them into practice. The change magnitudely complex situations which todays children face have are better faced when these integrated and enhanced skills are applied (Elia s et al., 1997).Much of prevalent practice and methodologies on SEL has evolved largely from research conducted by Goleman (1995) and Gardner (1993), both of whom started a great interest in SEL throughout the 1990s which has continued to the present day. On-going research has increasingly shown that those schools which make efforts to employ SEL and adopt its requirements produce outcomes which are positive. Parents and educators alike are progressively recognising the relationships across socio-emotional learning and academia, in particular within the systems of support found within the context of schools (Kearns, 2010).Within the context of safe, caring, well-managed and participatory school, classroom and extraneous learning environments, these learned skills are reinforced in the home, at school and within the community. All children benefit from instruction in social and emotional learning, although those who are already at risk, are beginning to engage in behaviour that is n egative or those who may already display riddles which are hearty are particularly suited to SEL development. This is why early implementation of SEL programming is essential in tell to allow children to develop their skills throughout their early childhood into adolescence. SEL programming focusses mainly on the universal prevention of behavioural problems and the promotion of socio-emotional competence as opposed to direct intervention. There may be smaller numbers of pupils who may require treatment which is moderate to intensive in order to develop socio-emotional competence but the intention of SEL programming is to enhance and set up growth in these areas for all children and to allow them to develop healthy behaviour structures as opposed to behaviours which may be mal-adaptive or unhealthy (Rice et al., 2006).A omnibus(prenominal) and continuous system of support services which are based on student needs is the context within which SEL should be viewed. As such a supp ort system, SEL is a concept which unifies the integration and coordination of school-based promotion and prevention programmes which reduce marginalisation and minimises fragmentation of these efforts. The most sustained and effective approaches should involve a partnership between educators, parents, students and community members in order to continuously and effectively plan, implement and evaluate the efforts of SEL. Socio-emotional education should begin in pre-school and continue throughout formal education. It should also be intentionally entwined to academic development and is an integral element of the national curriculum (Elias et al., 1997 Talay-Ongan Ap, 2005).With so many situations that can have negative effects on both the socio-emotional and the academic development of children, ultimately affecting their happiness in their lives, it is crucial that children are given SEL from an early age. An increased and generalised sense of worship and insecurity is purveyed t hroughout the media, from fanatical terrorism and government fear propaganda to adverts and unattainable levels of exquisiteness in teen magazines and music television. This is compounded by a continually increasing level of inequity between the rich and the poor (Wollman et al., 2003). The media constantly bombards the unprepared public with lurid stories of sleaze and corruption, spanning across all walks of previously respected life. Politicians, businessmen, nation in positions of esteem, sports icons and popular culture figures (to name but a few) are all regularly featured in relentless stories and reports of un honourable conduct and suspect behaviour. This was not a concern for generations gone by when the media was less forthright about the delivery of messages which encouraged unhealthy behaviour, nor was the threat of online danger via internet reproof rooms and violent video games so prevalent. With so many role models with publicly tarnished reputations, and unethica l behaviour increasingly commonplace, more and more students are finding a feeling of uncertainly with their lives and their futures. This disenfranchisement, insecurity, disillusionment, and in many cases, fear, provides a palpable case for stating that perhaps SEL is now more than ever an essential element of educational reform (Zins, et al., 2004).Many SEL initiatives which currently exist are fragmented in methodology and approach which detracts from their collective effectiveness. Extreme action such as the establishment of metal detectors, searching pupils upon entrance to school property, alongside school change management, recreational activities, school architecture and information materials (brochures, posters, etc.) can help prevent problem behaviours whilst promoting a safe environment but are far from the provision of a coordinated and cohesive programme. Rather the outcome is the loss of opportunities to reinforce skills across activities and initiatives along with a seemingly inevitable competition for resources. By using SEL as the organisational framework for such initiatives it can serve a broad rove of positive promotional efforts whilst delivering effective prevention of negative behaviours (Gottfredson Gottfredson, 2001).There are several key competencies that are regarded as essential to be reinforced in SEL programming. They consist of Self-awareness (the identification and effective regard for ones own emotions, a recognition of strength in both ones self and in others and a sense of self-confidence), a social awareness (which involves a sense of empathy and respect for others), responsible decision making (evaluating and reflecting upon personal, ethical responsibilities), self-management (controlling ones impulses, managing stress, developing persistence, setting goals and developing self-motivation) and relationship skills (learning cooperation, seeking and providing help and developing effective communication) (Bear, 2005). As pr eviously noted, it is when they are taught and developed in a caring, well-managed and supportive learning environment that these competencies are they delivered most effectively. Autonomic development, ethical advancement and self-discipline are all more effectively furthered in environments whereby care, consideration, mutual respect, cooperation and decision making are normal conduct. These contexts find themselves structured in such a way that they encourage exploration among students to try new or innovative learning activities. They can also provide accessible opportunities in order to address personal problems or requirements and allow support with the establishment of positive peer and adult relationships. The result is that students feel a sense of asylum and security, and are not fearful of making mistakes. A reciprocal relationship should exist in the classroom between SEL and the climate of the school. The school environment which is positive and promotes SEL effectivel y is affected positively by the development of SEL in its students. This synergistic process exists due to the interdependent nature of social, emotional and academic growth (Dolby, 2007). devoted the continuing positive outcomes of research conducted on SEL it seems clear that the responsibility to deliver effective programmes is evident. This means that educators should not only teach and assess SEL for all students within their care but should also be responsible for the conduction of reliable assessment of socio-emotional, health related and academic outcomes in tandem with acknowledgement and development of the school climate. All of this should be based on input gained from a range of constituencies, including, but not limited to, the students themselves, parents, community members and teachers. The assessment of SEL is an area which is even so in need of further development and may soon become an area of particular interest to school psychologists. For acceptability and acco untability purposes, a ending needs to be made regarding the value-assessable outcomes of SEL with regards to student learning and socio-emotional development, and to enable adequate developmental strategies in order to effectively review and improve the instruction delivered (Stormont, 2007).It is essential for todays students to be prepared not only to pass academic exams but pass tests that they will encounter in day to day life. Socio-emotional competence is almost related to academic achievement and to remain effective, educators should focus efforts on coordinated and integrated instruction on each area thoroughly in order to maintain the greatest potential among pupils to succeed both in academia and throughout their lives. Growing research concludes that SEL intervention of an evidence-based nature is increasingly becoming associated with health, academic achievement and ethical conduct. This creates the constant challenge of how to implement SEL as a core element of the n ational curriculum and perhaps more importantly how to develop relevant programming which is sustainable and effective.

Reducing energy consumption in hospitality

Reducing nada spending in hospitalityIntroductionIn recent years the environsal issues and get-up-and-go saving methods have become increasingly important towards tourism and hospitality industry. Hotel energy consumption dep curiositys on mingled factors such as geographical location, size, class, equipments, occupancy and age of facilities. In this report it includes the methods of reducing energy consumption in hotels at a management level, followed by current legislations towards controlling environmental issues, in addition it shows how the building design and structure of hotels can help with environmental issues.How energy consumption can be reduced on a management levelIn parliamentary law to build up an efficient energy system the hotels should, re think, re-use, reduce, recycle, recover and turn off the resources. In fact those practices should be followed in every single section throughout the presidential term. Such as housekeeping, food and beverage, maintenance , room division, front office should recruit individu every last(predicate)y towards energy consumption process. Below are the actions that should be taken, in ordering to build a healthy and energy efficient environment.Employees contribution virtuoso major step towards reducing energy consumption is to plan a supply awareness programme throughout every department, it is important because their daily bear on with guests gives them the opportunity to increase the awareness of the guests. Include the environmental messages on gifts (such as mugs) to employees. Encourage staff to batter off lightens and switch off redundant equipments (computers, personal credit line conditioners) when difference staff rooms. Get staff ideas about energy conversation methods and environmental issues in staff meetings. (www.gogreentravelgreen.com) Allocate coordinators towards environmental activities. Allocate designated members of staff who lead be responsible for daily monitoring piss ing/gas/electricity consumption. Furthermore the hotel can fix separate consumption meters in from each one department in order to have a better have and control of energy.For an example, it should be daily practise with all employees of the hotel to switch off all lights when leaving an empty room. At the end of a working day, all unused office appliances should be turned off at mains and non to be left on standby. Furthermore providing computers, printers with a power down features can reduce 60% energy than regular electronic equipments. On top of that encourage staff to use emails where possible rather of printing. (www.businesslink.gov.uk)Gaining Guests contribution Send an environmental message with reservation conformation messages. When guest check-in and check-out take couple of minutes to acquire the guest about the hotels environmental effort. Leaving placards in guest rooms can save the use of unnecessary energy. This can encourage the guests to reuse their towels and merchant ship sheets.Bed sheets washed every day in thousand of hotels in this world millions of gallons of weewee, electricity and tons of detergent. Sheets are customarily changed between guests. If you feel that your sheets consider to be changed daily, please leave this card on your pillow each morning. Housekeeping will be pleased to accommodate you. PLEASE DECIDE YOURSELFevery day millions of gallons of water, electricity and tons of detergent is used to wash towels that have been used only once, A towel o the rack means forbidding use it again, a towel o the floor or in the tub means please exchange. PLEASE DECIDE YOURSELF (www.greenhotels.com) Encourage the guest to switch off unnecessary electric items such as aviation conditioner, and use earthy ventilation instead. Place recycle bins in guest rooms and hallways. stomach the guests to contribute an extra pound () towards a topical anaesthetic environmental group. (Georgia hospitality environmental partnaship.19 96)Lightning efficiency By replacing the excising bulbs with low energy consumption ones (florescent light bulbs), offers savings in energy costs. On top of that those bulbs have a longer life span than the ordinary light bulbs. Fix light reflectors that site more light into the room. Using motion detectors for public area lighting (lobby), staff rest rooms, walk-in cooers and storage area can keep the unnecessary lights switched off. (www.4hoteliers.com) set photovoltaic lighting systems (Georgia hospitality environmental partnaship.1996) for advertising signs, walkways, water fountains and remote outdoor areas. engross solar lamps in order to lighten the hotel garden area. Further by installing daylight sensors for garden area and other exterior lightning can save a massive load of energy consumption. (www.gogreentravelgreen.com)Use of Air conditioners (A/C) When the A/C competes with hot or cold air more energy is exorbitanced. So do not cool more than necessary. Install tim ers and sensors in order reduce energy waste. Turn off the A/C when the weather is air-conditioned. Close air gaps around doors and windows, and close all the unnecessary openings. Use higher energy efficiency rating equipments. Compare efficiency between gas and electric A/C equipments. Have the units checked annual spring is the best time before starting the heavy use in spend. Minimise the available fire up sources (Below are methods to reduce heat sources)(My Ton.1996)Minimising heat sources Turn off lights and other heat producing sources that is not in use. Position heat producing sources such as lamps, television away from the thermostats. Cover windows (especially west and southwestward facing) to reduce the heat Use window film to reduce the heat sources heading in to the rooms. Install timers and sensors for lights and other necessary electric equipments.(My Ton.1996)Reducing water consumption Provide Dual flush toilets to save water. Provide separate walk-in showers in order to encourage the guests to have a shower instead a bath this saves both water and energy. Keep a good maintenance on the plumbing system, fix any drips as soon as possible (www.businesslink.gov.uk) Introduce dish washing molds and laundry machines which use final rinse water for prewash of next load. Use of a food thawing machine instead of running water for faster thawing.(Georgia hospitality environmental partnaship.1996) Adapt the hotel water system to be able to re-use the water for gardening and other non-drinking purpose. (One Source.2009)former(a) general operations and actions By lowering the thermostat temperature by 2 degrees in the winter or raising it by 2 in the summer you will save a lot of energy. This is a technique used in many organisations in order to save without even noticing the change of temperature. (Keynote.2008) freshen and update the hotels preventative maintenance in order to maintain standards which help the system to sustain the system effic iently. (www.gogreentravelgreen.com) Change all individual amenities in the guest bathrooms to automatic dispensers of eco-friendly products these can be refilled upon utilization. (www.4hoteliers.com) Re use the heat and steam of the kitchen and laundry to be re-used for public heating Calculate the energy usage and assess it against available industry benchmarks in terms of per guest night or CO2 (carbon dioxide) generated. (www.tourismpartnership.org)Below it shows actions taken by some of the hotels in linked Kingdom, in order to be an eco friendly property. Derwentwater Hotel, Keswick has been following eco friendly prospectors and has been one of the greenest hotel in United Kingdom. They have introduced water saving measures, energy saving measures and waste reduction methods by gaining support from staff, guests and the local communities. (Georgia hospitality environmental partnaship.1996)Also, Radisson Edinburgh has replaced their ordinary light bulbs to energy efficie nt lights at a cost of $2,307, as a result the first year savings were $27,889. (www.environmentalleader.com) this is a perfect example towards energy conservation, it clearly shows although it costs in order to take action, at the end of the process it save more than 10 clock of the cost.According to environmental leader (2009) reports Hilton has announced their sustainability targets to reach by 2014, which includes the following, Reducing energy consumption from head operations by 20 percent. Reducing CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions by 20 percent. Reducing output of waste by 20 percent. Reducing water consumption by 10 percent. Hilton has already introduced carbon-free electricity in United Kingdom and Ireland, they say it reduce CO2 emission by more than 64,000 tons, or 56 percent of its carbon footprint. They also managed to reduce energy and water consumption by 10 percent over the last two years.According to economically sound reports Marriott hotels are planning to publis h their environmental policies on the official website, and each hotel will list their eco friendly actions. They say this will encourage each hotel to discuss their specific environmental policies and share these with other individual hotels. This will encourage the whole hotel chain to be an environmental friendly property as an individual.How Structure and the design of hotels can help with environmental issuesWhen planning the design and the structure of the building, the hotel can get help from presidential term and private companies in order bring guidance and knowledge towards building an environmentally friendly building.In terms of design the following steps can be taken, Light or reflector roofs and exterior coatings can result an environment with a lower temperature. Planting shade trees on the south side helps to keep the building cooler in warm climates. Also it provides the guests an attractive and enjoyable environment. (my ton.1996) Install large windows and glass bricks in lobby and other public areas to maximise the use of natural light (www.businesslink.gov.uk) When designing guest rooms, installing thick curtains and carpets made with wool can retain the heat in order to conserve energy. Painting the walls in light colours (such as white, green) can help to reduce the temperature of the rooms. Also by installing reflective mirrors with reflective wall paint can avail natural lightning. Introduce water saving shower heads and sink faucet aerators, 2.5 gallons per minute (GPM) shower heads and 1.5 GPM aerators are recommended for water saving and guest satisfaction. Because less water flow showerheads causes guest complains. (Georgia hospitality environmental partnaship.1996) Design of the building should allow space for recycling, which encourages staff and guests to contribute towards the process. Key card systems control lighting, heating and air coolers when room not in use. Because of Key cards the hotel can make sure there wont be a ny electricity waste on a vacant room. (www.4hoteliers.com) When positioning equipment such as refrigerators, in order to get the best performance should avoid it placing next to heat sources (cookers, Owen) Adopt a water system that reuses the water for non-drinking purposes such as gardening purposes.In terms of structure the following steps can be taken. Thermostat should not be installed nearby heaters and other heat producing equipments, because this may calculate the building temperature incorrectly and increase the energy costs. (www.carbontrust.co.uk) Installing double or triple glassed windows will protect the heat sources inside the building. Furthermore proper insulation throughout the building will reduce energy consumption. Installing solar energy system to retain heat from the sunlight and make it one and only source of energy for the hotel. Use of timing devices on thermostats will control the energy produced by the radiators. In fact fitting reflective material be hind radiators can reduce energy consumption. (ww.4hoteliers.com) Placing gas, electricity and water meters in individual departments allows the organisation to examine energy consumption of each department which helps them to take actions on energy waste and provide necessary improvement. When designing the structure of the building it should be in a way that invites natural light and air in to the building. (www.archinode.com) A research done by Leadership in Energy and environmental Design (LEED) green building rating system in United States have proved when designing the structure of the building use of trade name superstructure is estimated environmental friendly than using cover superstructures. Below it shows the negative impacts of concrete.A concrete superstructure would consume over three times more energy than a steel one.A concrete superstructure would consume almost six times as much as natural resources than a steel one.Production of a concrete superstructure would u se more toxic than a steel superstructure.A concrete superstructure would produce over four times solid waste as a steel one.A steel superstructure is easier to recycle, producing more secondary useful product, than a concrete one.A concrete superstructure would pollute air over five times than a steel one.A steel superstructure would pollute water over three times than a concrete one.A concrete superstructure would contribute to planetary warming almost seven times more than a steel one. (www.archinode.com)Current legislations relating to environmental issues purlieual Protection practice 1990 Environment Act 1995Environment Agency and Scotch Environment Protection Agency as the regulating bodies for contaminated land, abandoned mines, national parks, control of pollution, conservation of natural resources and conservation or enhancement of the environment.. (www.opsi.gov.uk) Energy conservation act 1996This act was introduced to make provisions for energy conservations, futur e to to allow local authorities to implement a scheme to achieve improvement in energy efficiency (www.opsi.gov.uk) Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act 1989 c.14This act controls the methods of waste disposal with the Environment Agency or Scottish Environment Protection Agency and outlines the penalties (including seizure and disposal) for vehicles shown to have been used for illegal waste disposal. (www.statutelaw.gov.uk) Clean air act 1993The clean air act authorizes the local councils to control domestic and industrial smoke and allows them to create smoke control areas in order to improve the local air quality. (www.netregs.gov.uk) Environmental Permitting (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 SI 3538Introduces a newfound system for environmental permits for industrial activities and waste operations in England and Wales, including landfill and waste incineration, and sets out the powers, functions and duties of the regulator. (www.opsi.gov.uk) Buildings Regulations 2000, SI 2531Introduces requirements for builders to calculate and display energy ratings on new or altered buildings. (www.books.google.com) Eco Design for Energy-using Products Regulations 2007 SI 2037This regulation establishes a framework for setting eco design requirements for energy-using products. (www.opsi.gov.uk) Water act 2003This act was introduced to control the abstraction and seize of water. It helps to protect the water resources throughout the country. (www.environment-agency.gov.uk) Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulations 2007 SI 991This regulation issues energy performance certificates (to maintain energy efficient standards) when buildings are constructed in order to rent out or sell. (www.communities.gov.uk) EU Regulation on a Revised community Eco-Label Award Scheme 1980/2000This is an award scheme towards eco-label to manufacturers who want to inform consumers about what they are doing to reduce the environmental impact of their products. (Eur-lex.europa.eu) List of Wastes (England) Regulations 2005 SI 895This regulation provides the European Waste Catalogue list of codes used to classify wastes. (www.products.ihs.com) proofBeing an environmental friendly property means that they save electricity, water, reduce solid waste while saving money and creating a healthy environment to the guest, staff and the management. In order to become a green property the organisation should the gain contribution from every parties such as staff, guests, local communities, local councils and other environmental friendly organisation. As a result the organisation can gain respect towards the idea of conserving the environment.From a business point of view this allows them to differentiate their products from rivals and attract more guests. Being a green property will not only gain guest respect, they will overlook at the hotel over the rivals. Further, by being environmental friendly the organisation can redu ce costs on energy, water and waste, the money saved can be re invested in future development, research and staff incentives. This concept also leads towards staff satisfaction by building a pleasant, relaxed environment to work. Once the hotel adapts to environmentally friendly practices it will gain marketing opportunities and support by local media (magazines, newspapers and television programs). Also it allows the hotel to gain financial support and expertise form government organisations who helps green concepts. Furthermore all these efforts give an opportunity to achieve rewards and awards from hospitality bodies which the organisation can be proud of. The most important fact of all this whole process is that, it will contribute to protect our one and only earth.BibliographyMy ton.1996. colour your property, green sealGeorgia hospitality environmental partnaship.1996.Waste reduction in hotels and motels elapse 10 tips for reducing waste and saving energyhttp//www.businesslink .gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=ONEOFFPAGEitemId=1081838672 accessed on 20/08/2009One Source information service (2009) info monitor independent research. (British Library online database) easy from http/globalbb,onesource.com/sharedscripts/reports/FetchAR.asp?process=cpDocIDAccessed on 13/03/2009Keynote information service (2009) (British Library online database)http/www.bl.uk/eresources/business/cd-busin.htmlmarket. (Keynote)Accessed on 13/03/2009Tips and Tricks for Greening your Hotel uncommitted from http//gogreentravelgreen.com/green-hotels-green-accommodation/11-tips-and-tricks-for-greening-your-hotel-stay-25-days-to-green-travel-day-16/ Accessed on 13/03/2009Tips and Tricks for Greening your HotelAvailable from http//www.4hoteliers.com/4hots_fshw.php?mwi=3229 accessed on 20/08/2009Steel VS ConcreteAvailable from http//www.archinode.com/lcasteel.html accessed on 12/03/2009http//www.healthandsafety.co.uk/envas.htm accessed on 12/03/2009 sacking greenAvailable from http//www .tourismpartnership.org/downloads/Going%20Green.pdf 20/08/2009Hilton Sets Target Of 20% CO2 Reduction By 2014Available fromhttp//www.environmentalleader.com/2008/06/05/hilton-sets-target-of-20-co2-reduction-by-2014/ accessed on 22/08/2009Marriott To List Green Actions Of Individual HotelsAvailable from http//www.economicallysound.com/marriott_speaks_green_soon.html accessed on 22/08/2009Environmental Protection Act 1990Available from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1990/ukpga_19900043_en_1Legislation-Preamble accessed on 20/08/2009Environment act 1995Available from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/ukpga_19950025_en_1 accessed on 20/08/2009Environmental permitting regulations 2007 SI 3538Available from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2007/uksi_20073538_en_1 accessed on 20/08/2009Building regulations 2000, SI 2531Available from http//books.google.co.uk/books?id=ixzl0dw8LpICpg=PA3lpg=PA3dq=building+regulations+2000,+si+2531source=blots=BkC1vCaLdSsig=HBUkP0oQmHzE5s5dq_RD0dwuvPYhl=enei=6mqN SpS3Kd6RjAeWiZHcDQsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5v=onepageq=building%20regulations%202000%2C%20si%202531f=false accessed on 20/08/2009Energy Conservation Act 1996Available from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1996/Ukpga_19960038_en_1accessed on 20/08/2009Eco design for energy-using products regulations 2007 SI 2037Available from http//www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2007/uksi_20072037_en_1 accessed on 20/08/2009Control of Pollution (Amendment) Act 1989 c.14Available from http//www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+PrimaryPageNumber=36NavFrom=2parentActiveTextDocId=1349599ActiveTextDocId=1349599filesize=112837 accessed on 20/08/2009Clean Air Act 1993Available from http//www.netregs.gov.uk/netregs/legislation/current/107146.aspx accessed on 20/08/2009Water act 2003Available from http//www.environmentagency.gov.uk/static/documents/Business/water_act_leaflet_833646.pdf accessed on 20/08/2009The Energy Performance of Buildings (Certificates and Inspections) (England and Wales) Regulatio ns 2007 (S.I. 2007/991)Available from http//www.communities.gov.uk/publications/planningandbuilding/energyperformance accessed on 20/08/2009EU Regulation on a Revised Community Eco-Label Award Scheme 1980/2000Available from http//eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJL200023700010012enPDF accessed on 20/08/2009List of Wastes (England) Regulations 2005 SI 895Available from http//www.google.co.uk/search?hl=enq=List+of+Wastes+%28England%29+Regulations+2005+SI+895btnG=Searchmeta= accessed on 20/08/2009

Canterbury Tales :: English Literature Essays

Canterbury Tales There is a great deal of enforceful information to be found on the Internet entirely sorting through it layabout often be a hassle. There are some puts that are useful and give a great deal of helpful information but there are also numerous sites that just dont meet up to those standards. Since anyone can put information on the web, it is often hard to tell a good site from a big one. Today, I am going to go through a few sites relating to Geoffrey Chaucer and his book The Canterbury Tales and give examples of good and bad sites relating to them. One raging site that is on the web is The Litrix Reading Room at http//www.litrix.com. This site, which is edited by Sam Jones, gives free electronic distribution of books for use by readers. It gives a list of authors and the books that they have from them. This site has a great number of books and some of the choices are American, Horror, Misfits, Mr. Holmes, Mystery, Sci-fi and Westerns. This site is very helpful i n the denotation of The Canterbury Tales because it has an updated, translated version of the book that makes it easier to understand and follow the story line. I would recommend litrix.com greatly. One very good site, which relates to Geoffrey Chaucer is http//www.luminarium.org/medlit/chaucer.html. This site is large in depth with many features that will keep any Chaucer fan busy for hours or help students find whatever they may need. Some of the features include several(predicate) quotes from Chaucer, a separate summary of his life, links to many of his works, audio excerpts from The Canterbury Tales, discussion groups and links to other Chaucer pages. This site was created by Anniina Jokinen and it is clear that she did a very good job. Another fantastic site that relates to Chaucer is http//www.media.wright.edu/studorgs/english20403/chaucer.html. This site has all the links that a person may ever need for Chaucer. Some of the many links that are offered on this site is his b iography, Chaucerian language, online reports, and online texts of The Canterbury Tales and medieval sites. Each main link has a few choices beneath it so a person can pick and choose between different sites and writing styles, which is always helpful. Getting different perspectives on different topics relating to Chaucer can only help a person in receiving a better first floor and better understanding the material.

Our Father Who Art in Heav...Our Mind :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Our Father Who Art in Heav...Our Mind Be careful when you mention your religious experiences or all supernatural experiences that you have had with God, the gods, or the universe. The person that you report them to may quickly reduce your experiences to a simple decrease or increase in electric activity within specific parts of your brain. While you may believe that your experiences are as real as the piercing sound of your alarm, waking you from your sunny flying dreams, you should know that the enquiry performed and documented by scientists, concerning the experience of God, is also real. Have you ever heard the professed beliefs that Moses, who spoke to the Christian God for the first beat through an angel in a flaming fire in a bush, and several times afterwards in the Old Testament of the Bible, was a sufferer of temporal lobe epilepsy? (1). Thus, his experiences with God were, merely, figments of his imagination, or more scientifically, over-activity within the temporal lo bes of his brain.To the Christian, including myself, this belief sounds absurd. How can one reduce what is deemed Holy to an organic brain disfunction? The neurobiological bases of religious experiences has not only been researched through examination of temporal lobe epileptic seizures, but it has also been researched in the meditative states and prayer sessions of Tibetan monks and Franciscan nuns, respectively (5).) This paper seeks to present and examine some scientific observations that link the experience of God (thus, surpassing the argument that God exists), and the changes in neurological activity that occur during these experiences. Prior to taking this course in neurobiology and behavior, I firmly believed that the brain equals behavior and that additional experiences of the mind and soul arose from the multitude of activity within the brain. However, I still questioned my assumption that the soul lies within the brain. Subsequently, I came across a Newsweek article title d Searching For the God Within, respectively (5).) The article presents the research of Dr. Andrew Newberg and his research team. He and his team examined the brain activity of Tibetan Monks during their peak transcendent state during which they say they experience a oneness with the universe. Upon examination of wiz photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of a resting brain and a meditative brain, Dr. Newberg concluded that there was a noticeable difference in the activity of the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain (7).